JS iX '. ^< -m ' ^'JJ ;_ .,^^- .'^.5>"■ \^'>':JJ^ ^^ -V tOm:,^ :^:';/ ^■^■' '^^r^ ,,J^W- >^ y ':J^' >r-?=^:._.ii;^ ^ '■^"' »^^ ,.^ ^ ■-^e;::]^ idil^^ ^^.^^ '^■n^/^:^' -^m^^^^^m \ ^v- ~/^/^/^^/ wFMn '^' /4'nn W^"^ W0% ^'.^>^ 'm. ;!<, ■^^ K 'i^i -v B 'i%1 ei'l^^ M 'i ■ ■'/..^'P^W^'- v-^S: '^'^'-'^'^X^ ©V "^ f^JL'^^t ?5 y'"^'^^. 9'-^ ,;^>s^>:^:^^ ,2i«K .^:^^.^o, ,0 '-v '.,'~i ^ ' THE JOUEML OF HORTICULTURE, COTTAGE GARDENEE, COUNT I^Y aEKTLEM^N, BEE-KEEPER. AND POULTRY CHRONICLE. A JOURNAL OF GARDENING, RURAL AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY, BOTANY, AND NATURAL HISTORY. CONDUCTED BT GEORGE W. JOHNSON, E.R.H.S., and ROBERT HOGG, LL.D. THE I'ltUIT AND KITCHEK GARDENS, by Mr. J. KobsoD, Gardener to Viscount Holmesiiale, M.P., Linton Pai-k; and Mr. E. Lticldiurst, Egerton House Gardens, Kent. THE FLOWER GARDEN, by Mr. G. Abbey ; " Ayrshire Gardener ; " Mr. T. Record. Gardener to Colonel I.loyd, Lillesden ; and Mr. J. Wills, Asliburnbam Park Nur.sery, iCing's Road, Chelsea. STOVE, GREENHOUSE, and WINDOW GARDEN, by Mr. R. Fish, Gardener, Putteridge Bury, near Luton. FT.()RIST.S' I'LOWEKS .iND FLORICVLTURE, by the Rev. H. H. i)(tinbraia. GAPJ3ENING CALENDAR, by Jlr. William Keaue. POULTRY-KEEPING, by Mr. -J. Baily ; E. Hewitt, Esq. ; and L. Wright, Esq. PIGEONS, AVI.\RY BIRDS, ,S:c., by "Wiltshire Rector; W. A. Blakstou, Esq.. and others. BEE-KEEPING, b\ T. W. Woodbury, Esq.; "B. * W. ;" and Mr. S. Bevan Fox. HOUSEHOLD ARTS, by the 'Anthorcss of "My Flowers," and others. y\ LIBRARY SI NEW YORK BOTANICAL QARDEN. VOI^UME XVII., NEW SERIES. VOL. XLII., OLD SERIES. LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR THE PROPRIETOKS, 171, FLEET STREET. 18G9. LONDON : PRINTED AT THE JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE OFFICB, 171, FLEET STREET. TO OUR READEES. Every oue must have had that temper-trying personage, a plain-spoken friend — one wlio is aptly described as " always calling a spade a spade," and as aptly might it be added, " and always using it as a spade " by digging with it^unmercifully. We have such a friend, and you, our Eeaders, know her too ; but so many months had elapsed without her delving into us that we began to hope — we think we did not hope that she was dead — but we began to hope that she had given us up as incor- rigible. The cherished delusion is dissipated, for we have the note following — " Cackleion' Hall, "Innocent6' Day, 1S6'J. "Miss Penelope Pomeroy's compliments, and wishes to know what improvements the Editors intend to make in their Journal. They were very prone to changes at one time, and had a change of office, change of publishing day, and change of name ; but now when other journals are makiag changes the Editors remain stagnant. Why don't they print the Journal on toned paper, or alter its type, or add some such department as ' Pug Dog and Parrot Chronicle ' to its many titles ? Miss P. P. knows both the Editors from their photographs, and begins to call them ker ' old Goose- bemes ;' and by way of distinction she calls one her ' smooth old Gooseben-y,' and the other her ' haiiy old Gooseberry.' " We shall not gratify Miss P. P. by revealing whether oue of her ' old Gooseberries ' became more red and the other more pale upon perusing that note. They have not even posted to her a reply, but they here priut it. " The Editors' compliments to Miss Penelope Pomeroy, and they do not purpose making any change in the Journal, and for that most satisfactory of reasons — there is no occasion for it. Their Keaders are satii^fied, their Correspondents are satisfied, and the Editors are satisfied ; and they are quite contented to be called ' her Gooseberries,' because they hope it intimates her intention to preserve them. " Our Eeaders wiU appreciate the concluding sentence ; and we have purposely omitted any allusion to the senility of the Gooseberries, because we feel there is no occasion for it. INDEX. Aberdeen Pocltet Show, 581 Abie?!, Uouglasii, 227; Patloniana, 287 Abutilon megapotamicmu or vexil- lariaDi, 341 Acer rufiQprve.var. albo-Umbatum, 247 Acorn iu water. 485 Affides ]apoDicum,S03 ^schyiianthua grandiflonis, to flower, 194 AgaricuB personatus, 404 A^ave amerioaua variegata culture, 404 Air purifjing, 14 Aliiborough and Boronghbridge Poultry Show, 156 AUerton Poultry bhow, 134 Allotment gardens, 129 Alocuaia metaUica, compost for, 234 Alots — culture, 417: leaves undeve- loped. 4b'2; Crnncheri, 504 Alpine flowers. 104 Amateur gardener, who is ? ISO American, blight, 110, 866 ; fruits, de- cline of, 439 AudroBcace pubescens. 50S Ani'moues— planting. 3S5; storing, S9 '■Animal Wurld," 333 Annuals, 250; for autumn sowing, 158 Anthuriura Scherzeriannm, potting, 366; temperature for. 406 Antirrhinums, seedling, 328 Ants destroying, 89. 174 Aphelandra acutifolia, 125 Aphides, on fruit trees, 14 ; destroy- insr. 183,384 Apples— budding, 214; for cider, 500, ftu7: dwarf, ()3 ; espalier, 424 ; falling immatxire. 311; market. I(i3; in an orchard house, S86; and Kabbits, 502; select tor a small garden, 52 ; for near Glasgow, 328 ; on soatii wall, 444; sowing pips, 443, 485; standard, 363: stocks for, 63, 16:^. 367; Annie Elizabeth, 438; Bun- yard's Seedling. 228 Apricot — sowing stones, S49 ; in pots, pruning, 462 Aquaria, marine, 374. 424 Aquatics for tmoky place, ""91 Arabis — BOwing, 110; propagating Golden, 268; albida variegaiu cul- ture, 432 Aralia Sieboldii culture, 52 Arauearia iinbricata losing its brauches, 51 Arbor-Vitffi bare at base, 4?5 Arbulus— cutting-back, 132 ; berries prolonging, 385 Ai-ctotis rtptaua, wintering, 268 Arithmetic, gardening, 153 Amoti's stove, 269 Artichokes, drying bottoms,256; Globe and Jerusalem, 326 Arum, repotting, &J Aroid. new gigantic. .196 Ashes— as noucunductors of heat. ISS ; appljing, 214 ; or tan for plunging, 82y Ashlord Poultry Show. 402 Aspai-agua— failing. 269 ; planting, 349 ; salting beds, 367, 885 Aucuba, berries, 132; pollen, 424; pollen keeping, 435 August, plants flowering in, 207 Aui-iculas, management. 289 Australian seeds, 384 Autumn rambles. 317 Auiumnal leaves, decorations of, 355 Avocado Pear, S22 Aylesbury Poultry Show, 271 Aylesbury Ducks, showing barren, 420 Ayr Omithol('*!i'al Society's Show, 428 Azaleas— culture. 42; nol flowering. 311; losing thi ir leaves. 367,461; for a cold frame, wintering m u cold pit. 443 Haines, presentation to Me, 859 Bank, a sloping, 312 ; management of a sloping, 46:: ; slope for mowing, 527 Bantams— Bro\vn Ked exhibiting, 36; chickens, feeding, 238 ; eegs, 514 ; Sebright brtcdmg, £06; Dorking, 329 : bluck-legged, 41'6 Barnes, Mr. W., 623 Barnstaple Poultry Show, 17 Barr & Sugden's grounds, 122 Baskets, plants lor, 131 Beans, Dwarf Kidney, 12 Beaumontia grandiflora culture, 235 Bedding plants, 1:^ : making cuttings of, 212 ; supporting. 249 ; notes on some, 381; white, 328; winter, 431, 475 ; with yellow I'iowers, 69 Beeches, and other trees injured by cold, 41 ; scale on, 526 Beer turbid, 54 Beds, arrangement of a circular, S48 ; forming Dval, 328 Bee-keepi;rb' Convention, Canadian, 392 Bees— account of a stock, 853 ; bache- lor keeping of, 470 ; bottle-feeding, 410 ; carbolic acid, its uses, 1g7 ; con- vention of Canadian keepers ol,892 ; dead in cells. 352 ; needless destruc- tion of, 18 ; dislodging from a tree. 35,53: dividing stock, 158; driving. 158, 178, 45U; drones, limiting, 91 ; in November, 46S : dropsy in, 237 ; farming in lyGLI, 449; feeding, 392; hunting, 4y6 : Indian, 239, 274 ; keep- ing, conflictmg opinions on, 371 ; commencing. 470; failures, 35, 54, 92 ; Laucafchire apiary, 469 ; ma- nagement of 3lC; moths in a hive. 136; old slock in collateral, 891; piping before the issue of a prime swarm, 54; pollen in comb, 54; re- moving in hot weather, 136, i7S ; revolutionising a hive, 409; reei- cide among. 333: shelter fur, 430: sting, Bsap for, 255, remedy for, 514; not using supers, 158; swarm- ing riTsus supering, 35, 54 ; swarms returning to hive, 36; swarms and stocks weak, 316; not swarming. y2 ; tenantless hives, 276 ; weight of cemb, 158; not working, 53; work- ing in hive cover, 92; the present year, 537. Foul-brood, 136; its pro- duction and cure, 35, 217 ; and in- fection. Dr. Preuss on, 494, 535. Hives — improved bar frames, 72, 92, 391 ; bucket. 256 ; with comb. 136 : curk, 514 ; Stewarton in winter, 470 ; straw rcrxMs wooden. 371 ; improved Woodbury frames, 31; experiences of a beginner wiih, 354. Honey- colour of. 256; consumed, IS; dark- coloured. 410; exporting, 296; from a foul-brooded hive, 354 ; as food lor bees, 296; harvest in Northumber- land, 333; keeping, 198; removing partly filled bell-glass, 218 ; spurious, 315, 333, 352, 371, 391, 409, 430, 468. Z.JI7»r(a!w— dwindling, 92; enthron- ing queen, 71, 114; introduction and propagation of, 71,113,177,469.518; jn Jersey. 158; queen removing, 218; from America, 295; uniting, 34. Queens— irom America, 295; cells in autumn, 333; encasements. 429; enthroning Ligurian, 71, Hi; intro- ducing new, 469; introducing where there is a fertile worker, 218; does the old always head the first swann, 197: remo\-ing, 2iN; of second Bwarm breeding, 5iri; young with first bwarm, 1:74. Uitititi'j, iiij.bi, 178, 296; Litjuriaus, 34; a swarm and stock, 218 Beet, Silver, culture, 385 Beetles, destroying, 69 Begonia Sedeiii, 125 ; weltoniensis, 182 Belladonna Lilies, potting. 367 Berberry hedges mildewed, 132 Bicton, 302 Bideford Poultry Show. 90 Biirnouia pmimrea, 304 ; radicans not flowering, 3',i8 EillLergia iridilolia, 461 Eingley Poultry Show, '"16 Birds, attacking fruit, 51 ; scaring, 68, 152 ; a pleadmg for, 474 Birkenhead Poultry Show, 136 Birmingham Philoperibleroniiociety's Show 108 Birmingham Poultry Show, 42€, 445, 463; age of bii'ds, and awarding prizes at, 496; auction at, 313, 330, 350, 871, SS7 ; entries, 387 ; judges ex- hibiting at, 330 Birmingham Rabbit and CanaryShow, 468 Birmingham Kose Show, 43 Bishop Auckland Poultry Show, 76 Blackberries — American. 455; culture, 607; Lawton and Dorchester, 228 Blackbird, food for, o6 Blackpool Poultry Show, 215 Black Spanish hen's crop distended, 54 Blandfordia aurea, 504; flammea cul- ture, 194 Blechnum corcovadense culture, 357 Blossoming unseasonably, 221 Boilers. 436 ; Foster's patent, 9 ; Rid- dell's slow-combustion, 194 ; setting a saddle. 213, 411 ; on the surface, 368: heating several houses from one, 233, 425, 526 ; and boiling, 455 : healing them and by them, 500; by dining-room tire, heating by, 486 Borders, concreting. 291 Borecoles, notes on, 480 Botanic (Koyal) Society's Show, 6, 124 ; Report, 400 Bottom heat, its uses and abuse, 362 Bougainvillea lateritia treatment, 172 Bouquets, hand, 2 Bradford Poultry Show, 491 Brahma Pootras — characteristics, 296 ; feeding, 334; cock's tail, 92; sickle feather, 178; Light, crossing with Dorkings, prizes tor, 194 ; feathers, 256 ; exhibiting Dark, 372 : points in Light, 392 ; plumage of Dark, 470 ; points of Dark, 496; legs inflamed, 514; of 1869, 528; vulture-hocked, 538 Briar cuttings, 507 Bridlington Poultry Show, 112 Bristol and Clifton Snow, 387 Broccoli, production in Cornwall, 137 Brutonansias not flowering, 132 Brunsvigia culture, 367 Enissels bprouts, pinching out hearts of, 214 Bude Haven Poultry Show, 112 Bulbs— from Souih America. 268: planting. 268. 329; in pots, 338,459 ; after flowering, 366 Burnley Poultry Show, 196 Bui-ton-on-Trent Poultry Show, 272 1 Burtou-on-Trent Bird Show, 468 Cabbage — buttebflv, 211 ; grubs ON, 266. 291; Red, 474 ; sowings of, 30 Cacti for window culture. 194 Caladiums, wlnteiing, 234 Calceolarias — cuttings of, 525; yellow, 375 Calochortus uniflorus, 433 Calystegia Soldanella, 64 Camellias — for cold frame, 443 ; for conservatory wall, 367 ; culture, 527 ; flower-buds falling, 404; grafting, 829; list of, Sll; planiing out of doors. 173, 461 Campanulapyramidalis culture, 162 Canadian representative plant, 485 Canaries, 468; cleaning and feeding, 496; colouring, 274; consumptive, 334 ; hen singing, 514 ; mortality among, 17; red mites on. 135; sand for young, (2; Show at the Crystal Palace, 535 Canary-love revived, 351 Canvas for protecting plants, 424 Cardoons, cooking, 450 Carnations, planting, 132; propaga- tion, 124; seed sowing, S3; winter- ing. 211 Cai-pet knights and la dame dcs puules, 387 Carrots splitting, 234 Carrow House. 318 Carter's Crystal Palace Nursery, 263 CaBtle Eden Poultry Show, 136 Catalogues, misrepresentations of, 207 Cauliflowers, culture, 2, 364; club-root in, 173 management, 458 Ccdair of Lebanon, transplanting, 404 Celery, 507 ; blanching, 171, 172; cul- ture, 346 ; eartliing, 219; growing in beds, 378, 399, 402, 415, 436; hoUow, 172; infested by the fly, 312; leaf miner, 288, 289 ; running to seed, 171, 172 ; with solid stem, 462 Centaurea candidissima culture, 38; propagating, 347, 444; for bouquets, 131; from seed, 257 Ceropegia Sandersoni, 247 Chalk bank for Vines, 132 Chalky soil. Conifers for. 89 Charcoal, burning among plants, 462, 485 ; for potting, 269 Cheilanthes elegans culture, 357 Chelmsford Poultry Show, 314, 33 Cherries — Bigarreau, casting fruit. 32; caterpillars on, 153; for south ot Scotland, 527 ; in the United States, 397 ; sorts for standards, 424 Chester Poultry Show, 388; mistakes at. 387, 388 Chickens— catarrh in, 238; dying, 114, 218 ; feeding, 218 ; not thriving, 316 ; aclccting, 72 Chicory blanching, 367 Chinese flower seeds, 424 Chippenham Poultry Show, 449 Chrysanthemuma—conipost, 507; cul- ture, 141; flowering imperfectly, 487 ; In a gi*eenhouse, 461 ; Guernsey, 451; Forsyth's and Temple, 379; at Mr. Salter's, 399; specimen, 529 Chrysobactron Hookeri, 20, 51 Cinerarias, diseased, 328; removing !rom a frame. 485; stopping, 367 Circle, to find its area, 153 Cleckheaton Poultry Show, 112 Clematis, Jackmanni, cutting back, 131; not flowering, 349 1 T. Moore, 504 Clerodcndron fallax from seed, 337 Climbers, for a greenhouse, 386; for north-west aspect, 173; for a London house, 251 ; for south and west wall, 367 ; hardy, for walls, &c.. 21, 133 Clinkers forming rapidly, 486 Clivia nobilis not growing, 461 Cloche superseded, 339 Coaks, J. B., residence, 453 Cochin-chinas— laving, 288: mouiting tardily, 410; plumage of Buff, 430; points in Partridge, 316 Cockchafer lai-va. 319, 377 Cockerel, breeding from, 334 ; not amatory, 410 Cocoa-nut fibre refuse in stoves. 405 Coke fumes, their eiTect on plants, 425 Colchester Poultry Show, 36 Coleuses, cuttings, management, 829 ; new, 476; in a plant case, 269; plants raised from leaves, 341 ; win- tering, 172, 368 Colnmbarian Society, North British, 270; Show, 512 Combe Abbey. 126 Couimitteemen exhibiting. 445, 462, 488, 508, 529 Conifers, coning of in England, 52; for a lawn, 269 ;-leaves of. 433 Conseivatory— aiTangement,89j heat- ing, 312 ; heating from a kitchen boiler. 269; plants for, 69; plants for a wall, 131 Cordon training, 499; and rabbits, 502; ",vire for, 486 Cottage gardeners, hints to, 473 Cottingham Poultry Show, 157 Cotyledon Salzmanni. 304 Covent Garden ilarket, 12. 31,51,68, 88.110,131, 152, 193, 212,233,271,250, 267, 290, 311, 327, 347, 366, 385, 403, 423, 443, 460, 485, 506, .^26 Cows, Brittany, 18, S6; food for, re- moving droppings, 299 Crevc-Ctturs' complaint, 529 Crockery, broken, for fowls. 450 Crocuses, auiumu, 280, 299, 395; grow- ing in a pit, 214 Crook Poultry Show, 236 Crol'in picl'im eultiu'e, 404 Crowing puU'-t, 47'' Cuckoo, food for, 36 INDEX. Cacnmbers — bpdft, 34«; bitter. 5fl; cnlturc uml »tnicttircii, 4". W. 270 ; diseased, 172; tor early and main crop, CO; for a lr^IUs.»6l : gumminp. 367; hou^e bciitinp. 2ol : in 1>.H». W-, ii*}; jnrtpiDc.VT; leaves di»oasi^l, 3W; 00 nd;;es. 2* fi : under banil- elaaaet^. '2fW; an'' intheopcncrounJ, 20H ; twin, K2 : uuftruitful, 52* : winter culture, SS6 Culver-ke>!','i3 ^. _„ CopreBBuw, toruloea propagation, ^1 , Tant'-'attd, »5 Cnrrantfi— trees, pyramidal. 15, tor veIIs. it-i CyancpLj Uum magnificam treatment, Cyclamen, cullurc, 234 ; seed sowing, Cypnctg, fecdine, 114 Cyperup leaves browninp. £51 Cypripedmm Parisliii, 247 Cj-U9ti8, variationa of, 23 DiULIAS- FOE KXItlBITICK, 313; flowering, C8: praftingt 400; loaves performed, 52; selection of, 462; for a tmall garrien, 433; utakuig. 211: sTorinz tubers, 867; impe- rialie, 2S1. 390. 456 ; imperialie flower- incrin pots, 419 Damp, to be avoided, 45S; tinder, glass. M"' Damson, the Palrjmple, 325 Dandepratt.198 - j *,, Dari com, 3S4 : s<< yonlto" food, ?1 Darlington Oi nitliological Show, 390 Dftvenliani Goo.-eb'Try Show, 167 DeanePoallrySLnw, 175 Dear's (ianie Ch^^nu'ion Cur, S5i Dendrobiom deiisiHomm albo-hiteum, 2G Derby Poultry Show, 253 Deetoniainea srinoBa, planfcng, 1«S ; om.imtDial,4H0 Pewsbur\- Poultry Show, 155 Dianfhus neplcctusand alpinas, SW Digitalisl utea, 172 Dinner-tiiLledecoralions, 19 Dipladenia boliviensis, 27 Dogs, fonil for. 514 Dorking Poultry Show, 490 DorkingB— cockerel decUnin?, 3i4; ; crossing with Brahmas, 194; cross, ing, SriR: fatteninir, two nails on one ] tni-. 372: net lajing. 354; at the j "Wbitwortb end Kochdalo Show, 195 : with Pencilled Humburghs, 92 ; yard | tor, 514 I Dorstenia argentata. 947 i Dover Fancy P. ibbit Show, 287 [ roves, 19S I Draca?na leaves browned, 14 Drainage, 412 Dnghlington and Adwalton Poultry Show. 2iFi DrfsophyJlmn Insitamcom, SOS Dublin "Exhibition Palace Poultrj' Sh-.w, 409 Dublin Socielt's Ponllry Show. 491 DacLs— cramped, 54: fattening, food for. 470; for one drake, 514: head, hce on, 496; iteeping, 114; weak- legged. 92 ; while nionlting, 19S : Avlosburv, weight of, IS; eggs mi- lert Ic. RP-* ; Black East Indian, at; Call, weight of, 354 : White Mascovj-, ■ISO: Wtite Music IS Durham Poultry Show, 530 ESCHEVEEIA. Cm-TUEE, 74; aiETXL- LICA crtTTEEfSSS Echlnn %T:Isare, *"4 Edcin»s— for kitchen garden walks, 328 : of I'rick for w.-Uks. 379. 419 Edinburtzh Pf nltry Shuw, 113 Egtrs— linpr.-duciivf. IS; nc: hatch- ing, 72: consumption M in United States, y,ib; nest to prevent hens eating, 427; destroyinir vitiiUty of, 372, 407: fowls for producing. 496; preserving in lime, 514 ; preserving for Bitting. 538 Elde rwine not fermentmg. S.2. S92 Electrical nlamm for gardeners, 477 Endive cnltnre, SG4 Entomological Society's Mectngs, 'i«>. 8a. 437, 456, 502 Eriavestita. 503 EucalTptiis glohulns and others, Sl2 Eucodnnijpsi3 ncpgelioi'i ei" culture. 74 EvergTPt-ns, cutting hack, 15, 18-2 : for wall. 404; for shelier, 401; lor a house front, 443 Exhibiting borrowed fowls, 813 Exhibition, feeding fowls (or, S92; preparing fowls for. 92 Exhibition .where is the? 155 Exhibition e.inflacnce of on garden- ing, 121 FAtETRS POUI-TUT Snow, 581 Famworth Ponltry Sb ow, 'jM Feathers, preparing, 5-1; a bnneh of, 366; not escaping from their case, 872 Fem-cagc ventilation. 252 Fernery, and greenhouse, heatmg from one boiler.lSSC; rockwork. put- tmg soda on, 4bC Fcrai— nritiah. 92 : climbinc. 523 : ex hihitinK, 52; ixhibiuug with tinr^ loliaged pUuitn. 26? ; for wimiow ruse, Sll; inaected. 123; packing. 32H; to nrnamcnt n Bcrecn.4.:4; vifi- piironn British. 516 Kemv CombeM of North Devon, 22H FiK»*-burntint.'.4'>5; p*>l-cnlturf of, 93; propaRulitin. 5ft7 : rcuiovinff. 251 ; trecH unfruitful, 359; varieties of. 31W: waterint:. 'JeH; Col di Signora blanca panachce, 37 Findeme flowers, h% 125 Finsbury Park. ItS. 145 FlagginR in cuttiniis and plants, 12 Flax refuse as a manure, and for Or- chid composts, 234 FlixtonHah, 30C Floral criticism, prize for essay on, 419 Flowering, rotariing, 132 Flower sliowB, 302 Flower supports, 477 Flues, heatmir, 456, 4M, 486.487; pipes for. 5IH ; cunstruction of 519 Flycatcher, lood for, 198 Food needed bv fowls, 316, 514 Foot-and-mouth disease andfowU,372 Forcing house, galvanised iron for, 174 Forcing, plants, 239, 301, S43, 136, 481, 498; vegetables, 812 Fonntaino'a new method of growmg fruit, 323 Fowl-pie. old. 283 Fowls— catarrh, suffering from, 213: crops swelled. r.l4: for confined space, 238, 256, 430; snflerinc from diarrhoea, 238 ; dj-ing. 372 ; killed hy hedcehops. 892; egg-eating, 354; feather-eating, 53, 54. 17fl ; leedmg l'J5 : feeding to increase laying, •i^.S: food for. 18, ISR. 155, 194. 198, 354. 4?6 ; not laying. 334 ; mutilation of, 53 : scaliness of legs, 54 : suburban a cen- tury and a half ago, 287 ; roosting over an oven, 21«; trimming, 218; curing vertigo, 238; waiting for shipment, 450 Fox. death of Mr. J. J^ 369 French fowls, prizes for, 370, 5S8, 500 Frost, effects of, 365 Froth insect, 14 . „ " Fruit, The New Method of Growing, I Fruit— concreting borders for, 291: 1 growing at Mr. DancerS. 163 ; grow- ing for profit. 260; crowing in Franre and England. 412, 471 : milueiues over their keeping aualities ^"^: I in Kent. 64 ; mo^inc miniaturf . SI" ; I planting, 349, 507 : prospects in Yo;k- shire, 22. 6*; protecting, 405 ; prun- ing intiuenced by soil. &c., 97 ; pi un- \ incbush andp}Tamid.l93;pjTamids. I 290: removingjSGS: lessee removing, I retarding orchard house, 14S; se- lection lor a garden, 462 ; stocks for. 162, 163. 16C ; wall trees protecting, 32 ■ FnchsiaH — exhibitintr, 233; leaves falling. 251 ; Mr. CanneU's. 290 ; not flowering, 131, 234: raising from ! sped. 368 ; -wintering, 461 Fulford Ponltrv Show, 113 ; Fungi, edible and poisonous, as food, FnnguB— the foul brood, 494; retro- spect of season, 516 f -,- ■' Tfrs not expanding, 15 ; . :tl9 .nt,136,2?6 i i*fler (nii'in J.KfS : bott- Uii ; i;r.. r:. : 6 ; for exliibi ion. 1*2. £f.tf ; and l.lrap«' tart, in ; LuDcafiihir--. IS2; larg.- varieties, 251; pyramidal, 15; selftion and planting, £31; wtigot of prize, 167 Goote-grass, H9 G.mrdH ^.^■alnit walls, 4H7 Grafting —various modes, 119 : nonble, 138, 105; Dot to be hurried, 311; causes of failure, 417 Gravel, laving, 4t*5 Grapes— colour of, 290: not colouring, 443: colouring without swelling. l'.>3; cracking, 132; cLissifying, 453 : ciiiiure out «'f doors. 41^; saving from damp. ■■>'■(> ; decaying. 69 : e^Tect on Muscat Hamburgh «'f grafting on Syri.-.n, ir,9; forcing in pots, 472: growmg fnr profit. 812; growing in Scotland, 355 ; in the open air. 474 ; late, .319; red and acid, 4n5: ripen- ing, 1S2 ; time of ripening, 507 ; rust on, 161; rusted, 51: scalding. 9.:-; best soil for, m, 145; for sandy soil, 52; spott.d. 51, 110, 460; specks on "talk, 110; not stoning, 110: scalded, 173; swelling irrfffularly, 153; shrinkinp. 251; Bpotting, 290; in- fluence of stock, 258; small and seedless. S(l>; sowing seed, 405: thinning. 52; for c
    Gmos, 326 :destroyingCabbaj?e plants, 2y7, 307. 310 Guemsev. a hurricane in. 261 Guildford Poultry Show. 531 Guinea fowl^. 17^. 427; crossed with Dr.rkinffs. 450; feeding young, 22 -J Giimea Pi??s killed by hedgehogs, 392 Gunnera seabra culture, 52 GTninostach\-nmR, cul'.nr^. S3.% S58; 'Pearcei and Versch^.tTelti. 319. 858 G'vmnoKramma Lauchej\na. chryso- phvlhi aurea, and pulcbella culture, 357 Game Fowls, 529; eyes swollen, 450: points. 256; puUot, proline, 313; Black-breabted Red, 133; prizes lor, 90; Indian. 15. 54; Piles' Icets, 450; Silver Duckwinc, points of, 316 Gander, to distinguish, 016 Gapes in chickens. 114 Gardeners' examinations, results of, 10,208.311 , . , ^. Gardeners' Eoyal Benevolent Inatitu- Garden, cottage, arrangement oi, &2, old neglected, 131 Gardenia llorida not flowerinir. 349 Gardening, advantages and difficulties of [jraaJl. H73 Gas— heating by. 69,404 Gas tar, pit paint^-d inside with, 40a Gasteria Croncheri, 504 Geese, broedinn aud management of, 198 ; weight of, 354 ; White Spanish, 18 Gentiana vcma culture. 52 Gconoma Ohietibrcchtiana, 27 German paste, 538 Gcsnera, loaves curled, 424 ; exoniensis tulture, 452; zebrina compost, 507 GUdiolnses-to bloom in June, 291 ; bulbs, taking up. 291 : cruentus, 504 ; culture, 297; flowers. 6-^: fnr small gardens. 415; after flowering, 367; names changed, 357: select, 251; Souchet's. 199, 241; at South Ken- siogton. 144 Glamia Castle. 414, 4T8, 519 Glasgow Pigeon Show. 5^^ aUss-^for frames, 587; house, a com- posite. 329; protection for fruit trees, 118 .,.■*, Olonoester Omithologioal Soaety s Show, 428 HaKFA PROPiGiTIN-O. 251 Hamburg, gardens and gardenmg round, 531 „ - .. . Hamburg International Horticultural Exhibition. 4!i. 10?, liS. 203. 226 Hambiirghs-Bl.iok, plumace of. 114: cockerel's pvc. 514; comparative hardiness of. 49(1; detecUve. 2.^6: feeding' frr show. 430,450: G<>lden- pencilird mi'nsgement. 511; Suver- nencill'^d.410; i^ilve^-spa^uled dark- combed. 17S; car-lobe, 470; lacing of t'ock. 4in ; points in cock, 92 Hasiingdrn Ponltr;- Show. lU Hawkins plants in pois.14 Hawthorn berries sowing. SI3 Heating— plant houses. 4fjS ; by gas, HA: mod.s of, 421; froci a kit- chen boiler, 425 Heckmondwike Poultry Show. :81 HeUebor as fcptidu-, 52R : culuire, 4,^ Hens— fever. 195: kiUmc old. 19«. leg ulcerated. 273: consennences of associating varieties, 426,463, 4.J6, egg-eating. 427, 430 Herbaceous plants. 525: hardy. 43. notes on fome native. tU: flow€nng from August to .Tune. 104 nerbnria. Mestroying insects in. 1.4 Herb planning, 311 He-islc I'oii'trvShow. 91 Hexham Pnu try Show, 157 Hipperl.ohr.e Poultry Show. -,i Holly berrips s winj:. 31S Hollyhock improvempnt '^. IW; pro- pagation and culture. 163. i72, 214; staking, 211; siems' excrescences. as5 Hooker.Dr. .T.D..400 HcmetB'no«'t.dcstTOriny.291 Horse Chestnut trees. &!ze M, t-I,*" Horseradish, eradicaiing, 386 Horticnltural (Royal) ^^ocietr. ar- rancoments for 1870,106; combined exhibitions, 264 ; Committee^. Ac.. 24. 105, 143. 206.22-2. 244. 2ffi. 283. 3^. S98. 416, 502; Col. Scott's prize, 4fti: country- niectin:--^. m: Exhibition of Fubgi. 2P3; .Tanuarv.Show of forced plants, 455; and King of the HoRTicnLTcriiLSociKTv r .". v '•■f. Belglana. 43J ; Man< 49.58,78,80; v niton- sort's t'inhday. lyo . 265, 875. 4i7; prUen -i v^* - • RobcShow. S. 21 Horticulture, national promotion of, 413 Horticultural (United) SocietT. 8*1 H.jlbed. dung for. 405 Hut-water. heatinR by, 824 Hi>ud.ans— co.'k at Birmingham, pric^ at. 496; giddy and paralysed, 89t; pluckine each other, 54; plumage, £t'J; prizes for, 330; spine injured, 4:tO: at Southampton, cup ^r. 813; wing injured, 450; awordfoT,270 Hoya camosa flowem falling, 15 Humea elcgans, SWI . - ^ llvacinths— to flower at Christmas, ■i.11; compost for. Sll: culture in the open ground. 35i6; in glasses, 367; in pots. .*1S8: list o'. 251: to bloom in March. 3^: grow.ngin a pit, 214; somethmtr about, 82* Hybridisation, prospects of. 99 Hygrometers. 517 Hypocaust heating. 4SG Ice-pit iiASAOEsrevr. 4S« Indian Cum, cooking, 216; for fowls, 372 Imlianibber plant f ruitmg, 32 ; cuttin; dow-n.36S; shoots dvint;. 445 Industrial Emplo>-mfcnt Ass-JCiation, S97 Insects, and popular prejudice. 171 deetroyinc jn herbaria, 174 ; checked bv low night temperature, 38S International Exhibitions, Annual, 107 Ipomxa seedling culture. 843 Ipswich Puulirv Show. 32 Iresine Htrbstii.SSO, S2l Irises, in pot«, 291 : pavonia cuUare 867 ; nudicaulu, 438 Island, plants for an. 233 Isle of Wight reminiscences, 113 Iver*-'s Nursery. k2 Ivy, to cover a wall with, 173 jASiiisr;. PECNiso White, SiiJ; pacx- UiCu 461 Jersev, hurricane at. 241 Jersev Ponltrv Show. 5:J2 Johnstone Poultry hhow, 449 .Tottinffs. wayside, 137. 323 Jii3;f»rKe, 1C8, 144; after flowtniia. -J3. =ot flowering, 435; lancifohum ?»»"»; 445: in pots. 329; poiung. 445.527, repotting. 251 . Lily of the Valley forcing, 49;? Ume trees, crafting. 110 Limnantbes Douiflasu f^ spnng. 268 Lincoln Poultry Show. 113 Lincolnshire i arsonagc, avjat to, iJa Linnaea borealid, 117 Linnet feedinff, 33* ,»,,«. Liverpool Pt-uHry Show and Sale, 428 Liqaid manure, 68 Lobelias, 32 Lomaria ffibba cuUnre, S57 London, pooltrv show wanted for, 23o 252, 276. 292, 330, 350, 3-^7, 407 Long Sut'.on Poultry Show, 177, 313 Longtown Poallry Sliow, 45*0 Looker's propapatins boxes. 124 Lowestoft Poultry Show, 156 Lycopodinms, terraced pots for, 421 Lysimacliias, 43 Mackata BEtia, 803 Magnolia, for west wall, 348; ^anoi- flora. cutting-back, 485 Maize, cooking. 218 ; sowing, Sit) Malay fowls, 509 Malt for fowls, 334 Manchester HorticuHoral Show, 49: bouquets at. 207. 221. 243 Manchester Horticultural ConsTesB, papers read at, %, llS, 127, 140, 106 Manchester Poultry Show. 5(« Mandevilla suaveolens planting. 329 ^Mangoes in London, 398 Manpold W'urtzjl variegated, 405 T'lanurp?. iinulicution oY, 221,342. it4s 377, 434, 501; influence of various, 416 Maories, 147 March Poultry Show. 272 Market Drayton Poultry Show, 236 Marvel of Pern in a iie'3, S4.s Mastic L'Homme Lefort, 32 May-blooming plants for shows, 2S1 Mealy bug on Grapes, 110 Measurements lineal, square, and cu- bic, i:i3 Meigle Poultry Show, 176 Melons — and Cucumbera together, 507: good kinds, 507; preservine, 507: on ridges, 500; sowing, 234: red spider on, 52; thinning, 203; thrips on. 3fi7 ; Be^chwood, large, , 169, 210; Queen Anne's Pocket, cul- ture of, 63 MelviUe, Mr. "W., 457 Menheniot Poultry Show, 457 Menensia maritima, M Mesembryanthemums forwindow cul- ture, 194 Mice, garden, S7 : destro>ing. 507 Middlesbrough Poultry Show, 216, 238 Middleton Poultry Show. 91. 252 Mildew, preventing and destroying, 167 ; soot as a remedy, 321, 358 Morsea bolbifera. 27 Morley Poultry' Show. 135 Murmodes Greenii, 438 Morpeth Poultry- Show, 236 Moths, effects of mild and severe, winters on their nnmbera, 211 Mulberry, cultm-e, 28 : wine, 430 M-ilthing, 67.170,191; its advantages, Mushrooms, in a cowhouse, 32; cul- inie, 32, 191, 192, 193, 346, 416,458: forcmg, 312; house, 191, 192; out of doors, 193; in an outhouse, 416: spawn, 192, 312, planting, 269, making, 367, destroying in Vine border, 132 Mutilation of fowls, 70 Myosotis palustris, sylvatica, 64 Myrcia amplexicaulis, 125 Myrtle not bushy, 485 NaTUEAL HISTOET, CURIOSITIES OF, 450 Nectarines, notes on, 161 ; in 1869 out ■ of doors, 396; Monstnieuse, 367 Nepenthes ctilture, 235 Nertera depressa, 303 Newlands, 245 New Zealand, notes on, 147 Nightingales, food for, 538 Northallerton Poultry Show. 294 Northampton Poultry Show, 32 North Ormesby Ornithological Asso- ciation's Show. 350 Notes made during some rustic rambles. 154 Notice to leave, 2^7 November, plants flowering in, 477 Nnnebam Park, 94 Nurserymen's hours. 194 Nut, the Atlas, 228,286 Oak lodge, 281 Oakham Poultry Show, 8?1. 448 Oats, ground for fowls. 276, 392 October, plants floweriuKin, 454 Ogle. H. C, widow of, 265 Okelord Fitzpaiuf. Koaes, Strawber- ries, and Polatot'B at, 79 Oleanders, cutting down, 336; remov- ing flower stems, 312 Oncidium Rogersii, 522 Onions— culture, 473 ; growing on light land in a hot season, 139 ; report on those exhibited by Messrs. Barr & Sugden, 285; storing, 191; Nuneham Park. 305. 821, 341 ; Po- tato not keeping, 348 Orange, scale, destroying, 153 ; graft- ing, 367 Orchard houses — constructing, 14 ; dressing trees, 507 ; crops, 876; fail- Ckchaed uovsT.s—Cnntniued. ores. 9, 74, 159, 181 ; Peaches caily jn,S7; retarding irnit trees in, 148: unheated. 116, 393 ; and vinery com- bined, 419 ^,„ _ Orchids— notes on culture, 140; nax refuse for, 234 ; for a greenhouse, 69 ; management of cool house, 172; stone blocks for, 77 Organisation of poultry shows, ^c, Ormskirk and Sonthport Poultry "Show. 157 .^ ^„„ Omithclogical monstrosity, 463 Oswestry Poultry Show, 293 Oundle Poultry Show, 53 Owl. food for youns, SG Oxalis troDSoloides, 472; culture, 3Sb Packikg trees for export, 386 Pampas Grass, 110 ; removing. 3-29, o57 Pansies, 250, 251 : cuttmgs. 263 ; for breeding, 343 ; twelve for showing, Parakeet, treatment of Australian Groun'J, 178 : teaching to talk, 450 Pamassia palustris. 64 Parrots, food for, 430; management of, 114 Parsnips for cows, 372 Passiflora. culture, 214; quadrangu- laris fruit, 444 . Passion -Flower not flowering, vS,>; for a greenhouse, 4j4 Patton. Lord Justice Clerk, 2S7 _ Peaches— aphis - infested, 313; lor a house, 405 : cordons, management, 444 ; Delaware, 323 ; early, 37. 57, 79; failure, how we got over it, ^; fruit dropping, 213: fruit mealy, 213; house cleaning. 346; ventilat- ing unheattd, 32: leaves injured, 193. and shoots mildewed, 2ol; m 1869, 56, 396; notes on. 160; m or- chard houses, 37 ; orchards of Ame- rica 479- out of doors, 396: in pots, 459Vplaoinsoutof doors, 213 ; forc- ingin.472: sowing stones, 349 Pearce, Mrs., her gardens, 22 , . Pears— budding, 214 ; cordon training, 499: diseased. 234 ; not fruiting, 40o: "athering late, 405; leaves, lungus on, 233 ; double grafting, 487 ; mar- ket. 163; recently planted. 424; pruning for espaliers, 424; <^nince as a stock for, 162: select late, 50. ; for a small garden, 51 ; for near Glaso-sw, 328; for south wall, 4S1; sowing pips, 485 : stocks for, 367 ; Beurre Hardy, 398; Citron des Carmes,28; Dovennedu Comice,41i', 499- Fi^Tie d'Hiver, 311; Summer Beurre d'Aremberg, 286: Williams's Bon Chretien, gathering, 193 ; Wm- ter Nelis unfruitful, 462 Peas— culture, 473: of Marrow, 183; dwarf, 404; early, 424; estimate of kinds. 87 ; gathering. 12 : msects attacking. 235; mildew on, liu; Laxton's, 84, 264, 342 . Pelargoniums— after flowering. 14; bedding, 375 ; for conservatory, 36; ; for covering walls, 397 ; double, 122 : flowers faUing, 65 ; not flower- ing, 173; leaves yellow, 269; to bloom in May, 367; name deri- vation. 329 ; manuring> 486 ; in- fluence of manure on Zonal, 417 ; propagating in Looker's boxes, 252 ; standard, 155; variation of, 23; What are? 290: wintering, 194; Bayard, 117. 161 ; Eicolor in a frame, 32 : Amv Hogg. 268 ; Lady Hawley, 18<*; Louisa Smith lor bedding, 181; Prince Silverwinirs, 424: Stanstead Rival, 183 ;■ Tricolor in a frame, 32; grafting Tricolor, 287 " PeiarsoniumS, History of Ornamen- tal- foliaged," S4 Pentstemon propagation. 269 Peueromia argj-rea treatment, 461 Pofry, Mr. William, 423 Pewits as vermin killers, 24; or Plo- vers aB vermin- killers, 42 Phaleria laurifolia, 125 Pheasants, cramped, 18: rearing, liS Phylloxera vastatrix, 45 Pico tee— pipings, treatment of, 1*2; planting. 132 ; propagation, 124 ; wintering, 211 Pigtons-at Jiirmingham Philopene- teron Show, 408 ; Barb, matches of, lit National Philoperisteron Society, 390: cankered. 276, S72 ; various diseases in a loft. 238; young dis- eased, 178 ; dung, 14; eggsunfertUe, 350: eyes diseased, 514: feeding for exhibition, 430; FantaU, 534; with double feathers in tails, 158; with tail-feather encased, 410; Jacobm, 218: laving four eggs, 238,256; going light, 294; will Lettuces kill-' 486; lice on, 388. 514 ; lore, 17 : matchmg, 372 430- Owls, English, and foreign, 296; quarrelsome. 538; rouped, 514; Satiuette, 372. 409; shooting, 430; and fowls suburban a century and a half ago, 237 ; Tumblers, 18, 92 : not flying, 334; Short-faced, 70; Sky, 427, 470, 512; Turtle Dove white, 276; wing disease, 350, 450 Pine App'es, cnl^re. 4*57; house for, 213; leaves spotted, 4J4 ; scale on, 69 Pine. Weymouth, 486 Pinks, cut-ings and pipings, 30 ; win- tering, 211 Pinus, austriaca. 405 ; for clay soil, 348 Pipes— for hot-water heatine. 323, 461 ; extent needed, 328; painting hot- water, 348 Pit, divitling a, 425; of turf, 348; pro- tecting plants in, 153 Plantain on lawn, 367 Plants, improvement of by selection, Oic, 100 ; sending to a distance, 12 Plant protectors, 480; Rendle's, 116 Plant house a cheap, 435 Platycerium alcicome, 380 Pleroma elegans, pruni n g, 406 Plumage influenced by climate, 429 Plumbago capensis, 362, 418; propa- gating. 376: hardy, 396 Plums— budding. 214; in pots, 459; leaves, fungus on, 193 ; market, 133 ; stones, sowing, 349 ; tree un- ' fruitful, 405 : Early Favoui-ite, Hathen'sRedG-age.Yellow Magnum Bouum, 228 ; Reine Claude de Bavav, 418: Bryanston Gage, 286; Transparent Gage, 253, 286 Plunging, ashes fur, 328 Pockiington Poultry Show, 175 Poinsettia pulcherrimd. leaves falling, 507 Polandg. Gold en -span eled. 238 Polyanthus seed not vegetating, 15 Pomological gleanings, 28, 22S Pond, surface green, 89; plants and waterfowl for, 213 Poppies, French, 516; opium in, 153 Potatoes— culture, 151; double crop- ping, 264; produce in Cornwall, 137; disease, is it hereditary? 378; early, 368; failures, 39, 74, 81, 137; for heavy soil, 349; experiments with grafting, 245; earthing up, 1(j9; propagating from eyes, 242; sets, 328; su per tubera ting, 107: report on, 222; Early Rose, 160, 190, 2J2; Prince of Wales, 455 Pot-culture, plants for, 263 Pottiug vavi-ms plants, 461 Poultry— during the sun's eclipse, 270 ; farm, 154, 392 ; feeding, 194, 195, 256: food for. 36; for profit, 18; keeping extensively, 238 ; in the United States, 195. 370; showing, alS; shows, our, 330, 369, 406, 426; yard annals, 509 Poulterers" Company, 90, 111 Primula, genus, 304; Pedemontana, 247 Prizes, lists of, 387 Productions, notes on northern, 160 Propagating house, henting, 444 Protecting, kitchen-garden crops, 401 ; plants, 325 Proverb, epicurean, 316 Pruning fruit trees, influenced by soil, &c., 37 Pterodiscus luridus, 27 Pallet walking with difBculty, 514 Pvrethmm Golden Feather, 268 ; cul- ture, 40; cuttmgs of, 311; propagat- ing 444 : double, 424 ; wintering, 311 QrACEEEY AMONG GARDENERS, 243 Qudrcus Cerris, soil for, 212 Qamce stock, 242 : for Pears, 162 ; earth round, 367; Portugal and Angers, 200 Rabbits- BEEEDiNG, 18; coNvaLsioxs IN youNG, 157; ear gum, 494; and their judges, 197, 216, 255, 278* 294, 315, 350; treatment at shows, 29o; head scabbed, 430; and their va- rieties, 391, ^494; Angora Belgian Hare. 332; Chinese, 494; Dutch, 391; Himalayan, 335, 494.514: Lop- eared, their points, 273 ; Patagonian, 333 Radclyfl'e's, Rev. W. F., garden, 1 Kain water, 132 Ranunculuses, growing m pots, 290 Raspberries— digging between, 263; planting, 4S7 ; transplanting, 132 Red Loijge, gardens at, 22 Red spider on Vines and Cucumbers, 131 Refuse of gardens, 524 Reineckia camea, 487 Rendle's Plant Protectors, kc, ^/Zl Kliododendron — culture. 48, 76; stem injured, 461 ; Mrs. J. Glutton, 247 Rhodotypus kerrioides, 438 Rhopala corcovadensis overlarge, 367 Rhubarb, bottling green, 36 ; wine, 430 Rhus Cotinus branch broken, propa- gating, 173 Rhvncbo sperm um culture, 214 Rice as food for poultry, 36 Rockery, forming, 153 Roofs of glass, double, 526 Roots, invading gardens, 288; storing, 376, 442 Roses, 1 ; amateur growing, 395 ; among the, 164, 432 ; aphides on, 14, 31 ■ lor arches, 31 ; autumn bloom- ing, 473 ; "A Book about," 305 ; Briar cuttings, 507; not blooming well. Roses— ConttTtuf J. 52; bndding, 182, 221, 251; daA climbing, 68: dark Hybrid Per- petual, 507; cuttings, 173, 268; at Dalston. 89; compost for, 386; edg- ing for a bed, 462 ; against a fence. 173; doltings on, 258; to flower in Jauuarv, 31 ; after forcing, 14 ; gar- den versus show, 122: under glass, 3U ; graftmg, 100, 160; growing near the city, 45 ; by amateurs, 395 ; house for, 243; Hybrid Perpetual dai% 507; improvement by selec- tion, ■kc, 100; leaves spotted, 32: list of, 461 ; near Manchester, 89 ; Manetti stocks, 247, 273, 3M. 400, 461 ; mildew on, 52, 353 ; new. 3:i6. 474 ; at the Roval Horticultural Society's Show, 21 ; of the last two years. 268 ; notes on, 116. 180, 201, 219, 258. 278, 499; at W. Paul's, 10; lor illars, 31, 89: planting, 485; in pots, 251, 445; pruning. S2;<, 386; removing, 251 ; on their o vn roots, 117 : seedling. 240, 318; wmtering seedling, 251; at, Seend, 159 ; select. 14 ; for half- standards, 62 ; for Northumber- land. 328 ; for south wall, 291 ; for a to\vn garden, 404; for Yoritsiiire, 89 ; for a west wall. 405: shoots shorten- ing, 132; standards, 336; stocks for, 247, 278, 336, 367, 406. 461, 479, 481, 485 ; Tea-scented, S59, 445; Te^. scented Noisettes. planting, 234; transplant- ing. 263; varieties, estimate of, 164 ; Blairii not blooaauug, 268; Cecile de Chabrillant culturf, 349; Climbing Devon iensis, 280. 291; Gloire de Dijon, 29&; Devoniensis. abundant flowerin*', 221; not flowering, 328; Cherokee, SOS : Lord Raglan in Can- terbury, New Zealand, 147 ; Madame de Rothschild, 291 ; Madame- Rivers, culture, 849: Madame v'ldot culture, 349; Maiechal Neil. 2rf7, culture, 94, 131. 139, 221 , budded on Gloire de Dijon, 221,293, 305 ; on Celine, 339 Rosewinga, what are ? 198 Roup, 430 : curing, 198 Rubbish heaps, 23if, 308 Kubus arcticus culture, 117: leuco- dermis, 125 Salaoing, growing, 50 Salt for Strawberries, 245 Salt-cat, 354 Sanse\iera cai-nca, 487 Sawdust, its garden uses, 309 Sa:dfraga sai-mentosa culture, 321 Scarlet Runner Beans, 326 Schizostylis coccinea culture, 291 Sciadopitys vertioillata, 462 Sea-kale forcing, 452. 484 Sedum cameum culture, 193 Seeds— adulteration bill, and evidence on, 184. 222 ; covering, 103 ; genuine 310; protecting from birds, 30; using old, 527 ; versus cuttings, 257 Seend Roaery, a second visit to, 159 September, plants flowering in, 305 Sewage as a manure, 249 Shading, by painting the glass, 268 instead of watering, 87 Shaw. Mr. John, 86 Shelter for a garden, 311 Shrub seeds, sowing, 495 Sieve and half-sieve measures, 343 Silene pendula planting, 252 Silnworms, 158 BiphocampyluB Humboldtu ctUture, Sitters and non-sitters, mixing, 334 Skimmia oblaia propagation, 312 Slough Nurseries, bedding plants at, 261 Slugs in a pit, 444 Smoke, its eflects on vegetable life, 142, 277 ; trees exposed to, -±6^ Snaith Poultry Show, 34 Snowberry, 527 Soils, improving, 266 . Solanum capsicnstmm, sowing, »49 , culture, S79 ; racemigemm, 312 Sonchus macranthas, 368 Soot, applying to fruit trees, 461 Southampton Poultry and Pigeon. Show, 3S9, 407 ; pens at, 463 South aspect, plants for, 234 Southwark Park, 10 Spalding Poultry Show, 16 ' Spanish— cock's comb and face. 92 : cocker d's faco, 410 : cockerel's eomo loppmg, 496; leedin?. yl4 ; exnioi:- ing, 238 Specific names of planta, 311 Sphierogyne lafifolia leafless. 367 Spring gardening aspects, 6, 55, 91 ; plants for, 193 Stachys lanata propagating, 193 Stapelia speciosa fruiting. 251 Starlings, white. 91 ; food for, 54 Station planting, S27 Steam-heating, furnace for, 386 Steriphoma paradoxum. 125 Stocks and scions, influence of, 119; 260, 298 ; for fruit trees. -zOV, 224 Stocks. East Lothian. 39, 138 ; seed Euplieh-saved, 300 Stockton Canary Show, 533 Stoke Newington ChryaanthemaH: Show, 378 INDEX. StokeBlej Canary Show, 40S Slorm of September llth, t» btt»vr, brick Amott'n fi»r a (frvcnboute, ■i84: lifutiQ^; by, 4%: iroD, MCi ; bIiouU bttvo clitmnoyB, 4C2 Stove (uniishinRiind tcmperaturo. 912 Strawberries— blind. 69 ; crop of 1809. 189: cuUurr, hints on, 73; culture and wat«riDff, 115; difKrinRhctMcon. 269 ; earl^, St, 69, 69 ; furciiiK, 130, 409, 108; in an orchard Imusc!. 462 ; leaves removlnii, 4S6; for a litrht floil, 57 : phintjiifi runnorH, G9 ; plsnt- inp. *.tW, H-jy. Ml: nmnprs. HO, lOS; in pots, ^iO',. :.'2:. ; for flucci^BHion. IK) ; in the iiiirlli, IKl ; Aliiiiie, dc- birdu eat? iy.i. IM; Ht'lect. ir.3, 172; aiid their I'ulturc. l"'.!; (iloi-do Porpotual Pino, lOM, 341: Vicomtesae Uericurt do Thury. iti. SS, 62. 161. 172 Subtropical plants at Battcrsca Park, lis Salphute of iron ns a manure, iGi Sulphur, (IisH»lvinK> HO; aa a remedy for mildew, 1H7 ; vapour's cfTccts on plants, 424 Surface-s'irrintr, 170 Sussex chicken district, a few days in, 292 Snttons' annual dinner, 410 Swiss lakes, among the, 75, 103, 14S SyndaU Park. 819 Tacsonu cn-TuRr,. 214 ; Bccha- NjiNi, 42 : culture, 406 ; Van-VoUemi culture. it9 ; pruning, 2r>] Tank, hcatine, bv, G9; bcalinR pita, 348; cemented. If akiDK. 4'25 Tan, use of spent, 4'24 Tasmanian Foultrv Show, 8"2 Taunton Deane Horticultural Show, 118 ; Pine Apples and Melons at, 174 Tecoma jasminoides not flowering, 444 Temperature, sudden change of, 183, Tendrils rooting, 168 1207 Texas, gardening in, 344 Thickthom House. 4M Thompson, Mr. Robert, 20it Thorne Poultry Show, SO Thnps on Azaleas. 122 Tigndias in pots, 444 Tobacco. fumipation.SSl ; water, 110 Tomato jam. 276 ; salad, 838 Tomatoes, 2S3 ; to ripen artificially 405 ; in lUinois, mz ; unripe, 4GI Tortoises in winter, 4S6 Town garden shmbs, itt Transplanting, 394 Tree-pruner, 16S Trfdegar Poultry Show. 493 Trees, Honnds of, .167; weatber-ln* Jured, St TrelliBes, cllmhem for, 819 Trirhinitim Manglcsii culturo, 867 Tri( yrtis birta flowerlcss, 348 TrlchtallH onropn-a, 43 Trimming fowls, 218 Tritonian in puts, 444 Trcipii-olumH, HpfoioBnni, 1C5 ; for winter di'coration, 105,213; tricolo- rnm culture, 213 TniBH'H pipes and joints, 213 Tubt-rosc culturo, 1S2 Tulips -late, 4'Jl ; planting, 291; !n potH. 1138 Turf liiying.485 Turkeys. 73; eggs fertilising. RH ; ben disordered. 198 ; legs failing, 334; rtaring, 3G; roupy, 114; ukins turning yellow. 42S; weight of, 854; with swollen heads, 873; weigltt of younir. 410 ; j-ounir. and netUes. 159 Turnips, bowing, 109; small Teltow, 83 Tunwntinc v.ipour, its eCTecta on plants, 424 Turves, cost of cutting ond valoe, 263 Twecdia cierulea culture, 829 Umrrella Pine, 462 Uttoxeter Poultry Show, 195 VaCCIXIUM P.EFI.ETtrM, 26 VaUotft purpurea potting, 329 Vanda Denisoniana, r,ol ^496 Variation in ci>l'>ur of pnuUrj', 487, Viirietration. plants Insint: tlieir,203 Vegetable Marrow culture, ItfS Vcitch, death of Mr., 230; memorial to Mr.J..298, 318. 342. 860 Vell07ia elegans, 43S Ver blanc, 319, 377 VerbeuaH— dusted with soot. 424: for exliibition, 212 ; from seed. 257 ; list of select, 258; seed, sowing, 68; venosa propagation, 317 Vicias, 64 Vineries— ground, 14C; arrangement, 284; management, 234; manage- ment of ground. 812. 448; heating, 405; and orchard house combined, 419; grorind, and other plant-pro- tectors, 440; air, moisture in, 607; roof. 487; planting, 487; moisture of air in, 517; Grapes for, 526 Vincrj House, Allerton. 361.880 Vines — borders for. 348, 443; aspect, fermenting, 269; dressing, bones for, 443; flue-heated, 487; forming, VimtB— ron/(nu rd. 183; mulchin/. 09; protecting. 461. UYi : toi»-2 ; ]t:avett dis- eased, rX} : two irrowtliH in a season, W; Koil for, 124 : b*aves shrivelled, cnlture out of doors, 132; nowly KIanted,153: grafting Muscat Ham- urgh on Syrian, 16^; tiyrininng after setting, ventilation lor, 173 ; not growing, 212; leaves dii-. grafting, 34;*; grafting, pole-training. S5y ; pot ciil- lure. 35y, S8C, 405 ; seedling, 362 : on vinery back wall, leaves blotched. 866; culture in Ceylon, 377; prun- ing in ground viiu-rv, 885; buddinc, 897 ; lor ftrc lianl house. 4i>4 ; in ground vinery. pruning, raising from seed, phiiiting border for, 405 ; mil- dewed, 406; in uuheated >-inery, 421 : not productive, forcing, 448; bud- ding, 454 : from eyes and cuttings, 507: shoots, 527. A'ccalso Grapfs. Viola comuta, sowing, 110; Perfec- tion, 242 Violets, culture, 812; forcing, 403 potting, 461 Virginian Stock for spring, 268 Wakefield Poultry Snow, 21.'. 238 Walks, asphalt, :i2y ; ordering, (is ■\Vi*UB. liardv climbers and plants for, I 21, 18H; height and trellis for, 81 ' covering with Ivv, 173 ' Warner, C. B.. 108 Wasps, an ; different species, 3U I Water, remarks and experiments on its application to the ri>ots of plants \ under glass, lOS ; pipes roots in, 233 ; i Watbb— ConfinM/f/. rendered chalybeate, 821, 456 : from limestone, 46i; ornamental plaiita for, 486 Watering. 50, 67. 170. 191. 192; time for, Watford Poultry Show, 511 .211 Warning ponltrV notes, iiu Wavsldf Jottings, 520 Waxbills. 514 Weedh made useful, 524 We.-k. work for. 11, 28. 49,66.86,108, Us, V<\. ICli. IW. 210 'ai. 218. 26i, 2S7, yi^w, 325, H44. S6^^. 3X3. 401, 430, 441, 4.17. 1N2, r.n:,. ;,23 ; doings of last, 11.29, 5't.f.:.'-7. I'O. 12y, 151,170.191, 210, 2.'32, 24'J. ■:•:■>'•. ■^^>. ZiO, 326, H45, I 364, 3M. 401. . 4«. .V'5, 521 I Wcllmgtonia k'ik'ant<-a. 22<>. 300, 33», I 412, 503; fruiting. 'J.M : removing, 268; will it thrive hcrealter ? 168 I West ofEniiUnd Poultry Show. 511 Wethcrby P.-ultry Show, 315 Weymouth Fine. 4'v'. Wh.at as fi"»d for poultry. 33 Whitby Poultry Show, 2J5; Canary Show. 254 WhiUng. Mr. J. B., EC, 125 ' Whitworth and Kochdale Poultry Show, 174 ' Wtio is to blame ? " 2fi7. 22.S 243, 263 I Williams's Victoria Nursery, 340 j Wdlow, Weeping, 4si , Windows, »>( engine house, 15; cvcr- [ greens for. 312 Wine, nionofacture, 418; preBs.83 Winter dressing fruit trees, 444 ; evening doings. £15 ; food for fowls, I 450 Wintering plants in a room, 251 Wistaria, flowering twice, 1«2 ; shoots ' dying, 69 ; Wonders of an amateur, 165 Woodcut engraving, 328 Woodlice in forcing pits. 443 Woodsome Poultry bhow, 177 Woodstock Poultry .Show. 272 Worcester Poultry Show, 176 Worms, expelling by lime water, 391 ; destroying. 302 York 0!nTnoLoaicAi.SociETT*s Suoi^. 389 ; Poultry Show. 490 Yorkshire fruit prospects, 22 Yuccas, and tneir flowering, ICI ; planting. 401 Zebba Waxwinos, 872 Zinc, edge for flower beds on gra«8. 20: labels, ink for, 329, 527; roofs. 384 WOODCUTS. PAGE. Apples, carbonised 104 Bees, improved Woodbury fr&meB for d4 „ foul brood fangt « 495 ., preventing their fasteDing bar-frames to the hive 93 „ transferring 73 „ travelling -box for 294 Boiler. Foster's Patent 9 Bottom-heat, applying 363 Chamber-Combe 229 Cacumber-pit and boaso 47 Edging, walk 328 Flower-garden Plana 8, 308, 882 Fliiton Hall, flower garden at 806 Hencoop, Snssex 293 PAor. Hyacinths, sapporting glasses at a window 324 Label, fruit tree 2C4 Laying box 427 Oncidiura Kogersii 522 Orchard house and vinery combined 420 Pear, Doyenne dn Comice 440 Phylloxera vastatrix 4B Plant Protectors. Rendle's 146, 147 Propagating Box, Looker's 1?4 Saw, ancient 10.1 Tree-pruner 168 Vinery, an ancient . . , , 28 „ improved groand 441 Wise-press and rollers ^ tfoly 1, 1869. ] JOURNAL OF HOBTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GAEDENER. WEEKLY CALENDAR. LIBS NEW bOTA UAH Day Day of 1 of Monlh Wtck. 1 Th 2 F 3 S 4 SDK 5 M G Tc 7 W JULY 1—7, 1869. Koyal Botan'C Society's Show closes. Tuubridge Wells Horlicultural Show. 6 Sunday after TnrNiTT. Meelinc of EntomolOL'ieal Society. Royal Horticultural Society. Fruit, Floral, [iind General Meeting. Average Tempera- Kain in tme near London. 1^^ years. DaT. 74.9 73 3 74.1 76 748 76.1 73.6 Night. Mean, 6U.8 62.8 51.0 50 2 50.4 SD.4 61.0 50.9 62.1 62.2 63.2 62.6 635 62.2 Days. 18 16 IS 13 16 20 Sun Bises. Sun Sets. Moon Rises. Moon Sets. m. h. ni. h. 49af8 17af8 49 3 17 H 50 3 16 8 61 3 16 8 52 8 16 8 63 3 16 8 64 3 15 8 m. h. ' m. h. morn, i alter. 6 at I 81 2< ; 37 1 48 I 44 2 la 1 51 3 40 1 ! 59 4 16 2 I S 6 Moon's Age. Days. 21 26 27 Clock before San. Day of \ear. 182 183 184 185 186 ib7 188 From observations taken near London during the last forty-two years, the average day temperature of the week is 74 7°; and its night temperature 50 T The greatest heat was 97°t on the 5th, 1852 ; and the lowest cold 85'^, on the 7th, 1864. The greatest fall of rain was 1.18 inch. THE ROSE. N no flower are usefulness and beauty more happily combined than in the Rose ; so highly are its blossoms esteemed, that although those of some members of its family expand early in spring, and other sections flower through- out the summer, and continue to do so till winter nips them, yet we are not satisfied, for no sooner do we perceive the approach of winter than our thoughts revert to our pot Koses, which, having matui-ed their growth, and been gradually prepared for the purpose, are now brought forward in successive relays, in order to afiord a continuous supply of their charming flowers throughout the -winter. And thus do we wreath the year round with a bright garland of the blossoms of our floral queen, most gladly yielding ourselves to the refining influence of her gentle sway ; never swerving from our allegiance, never faltering in our loyalty, although at times rudely assaulted by the rampant followers of the republican Mi-s. Pollock, who, shaking their tricolor flags in our faces, seek to dazzle us with tlieir brilliancy. Tricolors forsooth ! let them try colours with the Rose, and their harsh leaves will quickly Lave to succumb to the delicacy and polish of a Rose petal. Amongst the different sections of the Rose family, none are more justly e.^teemed than the Tea and Noisette Roses, which are invaluable on account of their coming into bloom early in spring, and also succeeding the latest autumnal blooms of the I'erpetuals : and wlien planted in sufficient numbers, they will always ensure a supply of flowers until severe frost set in. The weaker kinds, such as Gloire de France, Elise Sauvage, and Devoniensis are admirably adapted for filling up any vacant spaces between fruit trees on walls ; and the more rampant kinds are quite worthy of the greater space which their vigorous growth demands. Nothing suits Cloth of Gold so well as a large gable or two over which it may ramble unchecked by tlie pruning knife. Solfaterre, too, and Gloire de Dijon are lovely ramblers, which if pruned much make a strong growth, but do not bloom so freely as they would if their gro^vth were only slightly shortened. Lariiarque is not so rampant as some, but for purity and delicacy of colour it is' un- rivalled. In cutting some flowers for bouquets a few days ago, I accidentally happened to put a partly-expanded blossom of Laniarqne with two flowers of the old Crimson China ; each Rose had its buds and foliage, and I thought nothing could be more lovely. The best kinds of Roses of this section that I have cultivated are those already named, together with Louise de Savoie, Celine Forestier, Marechal Ni.-1. Safrano for its beautiful buds. Souvenir d'un Ami, and Miss Isabella Grey, a fickle maid in whom no dependauce ciin be placed. Last summer the blossoms of this expanded freely, and were most beautiful, but this season, although producing a profusion of buds, not one good flower has expanded; the whole of those on one strong pUint, about two hundred in number, are " green- eyed monsters." Nothing cau be more beautiful than a wall covered with No. 431.— Vol. XVn., New Seeies. a weU-arranged collection of Roses in full bloom ; and although wall-space is generally devoted to the choicest and more delicate Tea and Noisette varieties, yet the beauty of Roses of these classes is much enhanced if an occasional deep crimson, such as Charles Lefebvre, Sena- teur VaissG, or the more brilliant Souvenir de Charles Montault, or perhaps such sterling pink varieties as a Jules Margottin and a John Hopper be introduced. My own rule in planting is to have every third plant either a crimson or pink. In concluding these few notes on my favourite flower, permit me again to urge upon all lovers of the Rose the adoption of pyramids in place of standards. I feel quite certain that no person after seeing the effect produced by a symmetrical pyramid will ever plant another standard. Of a few plants of various sizes growing here, and just coming into bloom, I have selected one as a model plant, whose size and shape I shall endeavour to imitate as closely as possible in a number of young plants which I have in training. The plant I allude to is a Jules Mar- gottin ; the diameter of its base is S feet 8 inches, and it is 3 feet inches high ; it has a crop of at least fifty trusses, the principal buds of which are just beginning to expand : its foliage is abundant and thriving, and altogether it is a picture of health and beauty ; so when I state that this plant is the offspring of a cutting made by my own hands in August, 1800, 1 think it will be granted the result obtained is very satisfactory. One or two plants of the same age are larger than this, but they are not so sym- metrical ; for unless the height of a plant increases in proportion to its diameter, it quickly assumes the appear- ance of the old-fashioned bush : but a true pyramid pre- sents a happy medium between the squat ungaiuliness of the bush and the stiff formality of the pillar. — Edward LccKHURST, Eyerton House Gardens, Kent. THE REV. W. F. RADCLYFFES, OKEFORD FITZPAINE. It is not given to Sir Joseph Hawley alwa3s to win the Derby, to Oxford always to carry oil' the laurels at Lord's, to the best marksman to pocket the Queen's prize at Wimbledon : so neither is it given to every horticulturist, however distinguished, to record successes. Here is Mr. Pearson telling us at last, what I recollect being severely taken to task for, that orchard houses pur et simple {i.e , without heat), are of very little use when seasons ai'e unpropitious. Here are our beautiful Peach trees all brown and burnt, Cherries by the bushel lying underneath our trees, and failure of fruit crop the too-general cry. So instead of having to sing, as I have previously done, in loud tones of our friend's garden, of his Roses and his Peach trees, I must this year as a faithful chronicler state that he has sufl'ered Iremendously, and that only his in- domitable perseverance and skill could have surmounted the disastrous influences to which he is exposed. He neither possesses the beautiful Rose soU of Hertfordshire or Essex, nor rejoices in the shelter that enables many to No.loes.— VoL.XDI., Old Series. JOURNAL OF HOETICULTORE AND COTTAGE GARDENER, [ Jolj I, ua9. HAND BOUQUETS.— Xo. 1. Amaieuhs are seldom successful in making a good bouquet for the band, as tbere is an amount of skill and patience re- quired which few people are willing, if able, to bestow upon it. The shape, according to the exidtini; law of custom, should be circular, the centre slightly raised, with a gentle slope eTenlj kept to the edges. Underneath, the stems must be managed so as to be eafiily held in a lady's hand, and the weight must be light. But to obtain this combination, it is ■ecessary to put the flowers together in an artificial manner. JBefore the work is began, care should be taken to hare ready defy the assaults of Borea?. Although his soil is a vast im- prorement on that of Kushton, yet there is a certain steeliness about it which, in suoh a season as this has been, tends to make it what farmers call sutly ; his knowledge of its cha- racter and its wants is gradually altering this, but it must take eume time before the neglect of former tenants can be repaired. Then, although situated on the slope of the hill, it is just on the brow, so that the winds have full play on it, and I am not sure whether the wall which he has built may not have aggravated the evil, for it affords a point of resistance to the south-west gales, such as a hedge does not, and sends the wind eddjing round through the garden. Some idea of the force of the wind may be gathered from the fact that his first wall, a y inch one, was blown completely down, and that in protecting his fruit trees he is obliged to use stout canvas, and to fasten it on to the iron rods with copper wire, tarred twine being of no use whatever. The result of all this has been that his Hoses have suffered a good deal ; the wind has bruised the foliage, and so checked the circulation that a Rood deal of orange fungus (a thing almost unknown in good Rose soils, I believe), has made its appearance ; with this he has no mercy, ke cuts out the affected part as soon as it appears, and encou- rages thereby the growth of new shoots. That the wind is the cause of this is proved from the simple fact that in one corner of his garden which is sheltered the plants are iu vigorous and robust health, without a sign of this fungus upon them. i I have before mentioned that Mr. Badclyffe is very shy of new sorts, and he is inclined to wait a couple of years before i he introduces them into his garden ; while no amount of his • old favourites seems to satisfy him. Charles Lefebvre. for in- [ stance, meets you in all parts of the garden ; grand blooms, I 5 inches across. Duo de Cazes is another great favourite for the brilhancy of its tints. John Hopper and Jules Margottin also occupy a conspicuous place ; while there are some sorts which we generally think highly of which he does not ; for ' example, he has discarded me from his garden, and is inclined to send my daughter after me ; but ho has lost his heart to Marie Baumann. He had some blooms of it out, aud each time that he went round the garden he returned to these again to take another fond gaze at them. It is without doubt a very beautiful Rose. I should just add, before leaving the Hoses, that they were all making vigorous new growth, and would in a short time be full of fresh bloom. The wall fruit trees were in wonderfully fine condition as ar as appearances went, not a blistered leaf was to be seen, not an aphis, I btlieve, from beginning to end, and their general aspect was an evidence of how carefully they had been tended, jtruit was, as everywhere this year, verj' scarce ; but when we are told that even glazed walls and orchard houses are no protection this season, it is not to be wondered at that the Peaches and Nectarines are few and far between. Siiice my last visit some standard Cherry trees have been added, and from trees from Sawbridgeworth planted on the 1st of April WB had some delicious Early Lyons for dinner. The Strawberries were looking very Cuu, but, as everywhere, late. I could hardly believe that the plants which I saw were those which I had seen as runners last year, but it was so ; Cockscomb, Dr. Hogg, and Lucas were especially fine. Rasp- berries also had a heavy crop ; while Potatoes were lo.kiug remarkably well. We had for dinner R lyal Ashleaf, which has been in use since June 5th, and very excellent they were, far better than those I used to grow at Deal ; so it must have a trial at Westwell. I found our good friend hearty and genial as ever, and Stevie as original. My rosanan friends must congratulate me on my ecclesiastical preferment to the dignity of '-Dean ;" my modesty forbids my assuming the title, however ; for alas ! it only extends to the gardens at OketorJ, where Stevie, hearing me called " D.," had converted it into Dean.— D., Deal. a plentiful supply of wet wool, or dried moss well soaked in water, and two sorts of wire, one as fine as horsehair, and the other rather thick and strong ; a bundle of pliable sticks should also be provided. They may about C inches long, and the ttiiok- ness of an ordinary Pelargonium stem. Yonng twigs from a Thorn bush, dried, and left in water for twenty-four hours before they are used, will answer the purpose very well. The stems of all the flowers are to be cut off, leaving only 1) inch to each head. This portion is bound round with a thin strip of wet wool, or a little wet moss, to keep it moist, and to prevent the wire bruising it, and an artificial stalk is then added, placing it close under the calyx of the flower. If the natural stem is soft, or full of sap, one of the prepared sticks will be the best ; but if it is woody and tough, strong wire must be used. To bind on the sticks, fine wire is twined round and round from the bottom of the stick to the head of the flower, and crossed back again, which will render the whole stalk flexible. Wire stalks are twined round in the same man- ner, from the place where the natural stem is joined on. The easiest way of making up a bouquet is to begin in the centre, and work round it in circles. This does not necessitate a formal arrangement of the flowers, but will materially help in keeping the shape perfect. To each circle and to each flower must be added sufficient wool or moss (the moss is preferable), to prevent the flowers crushing one another, and to enable them to be spread out at the top, while the stalks underneath are compressed into a small compass. Black thread is the best material with which to bind ail the flowers together. If fullblown flowers are used, they will generally require wiring before they are mounted, to keep them from shedding their petals, lioses, C^imellias, Oleanders, &a., are treated in this way. A piece of fine wire is inserted through the calyx of the flower on one side, and brought out through the calyx on the other, onother thread of wire being crossed over in the same manner ; the four ends are then twisted together round the stem. For Pelargoniums aud open flowers, a drop of clear gnm dropped in the centre tbe day before they are wanted, will secure their petals, and will not spoil the look of the flowers. A bouquet well managed ought to look fresh for a week at least. Flowers will last longer if placed in water an hour or two before they are used. — L., Laughton. CAULIFLOWER CULTURE. The earliest crop of the season is produced from seed sown the previous autumn. The good old rule, " sow and plant often," in order to keep up a regular supply in good condition, does not apply to any vegetable with greater propriety than to that now under consideration. It is well to start with a recog- nition of this rule by sowing twice instead of once in autumn. Tbe first sowing should be made about the middle of August, and the second fourteen days later. In those localities where the checking frosts of autumn set in early, these times may, perhaps, be found late enough, while in other districts I have found the last week of August quite early enough. It will depend entirely on tbe chaiacter of the season which of these two sowings may prove the most desirable from which to choose the main stock of plants for wintering in the best con- dition as to size and hardiness. Sume seasons the earUer sowing may be found too large for wintering in frames, and in such cases the propriety of a second sowing becomes apparent. Choice should be made of an open airy situation on which to sow the seed. Tbe soil should, if possible, be moderately light, rich, and well pulverised. The seed should be sown thinly, so that the crop of young plants may not become crowded aud weakly. If thick, and the season prove wet, mil- dew is very apt to destroy them. Should tbe weather and ground be dry, the seed should be steeped in water for twelre hours, and the ground well watered the night before it is sown. This secures a quick and healthy germination without resortiriR to the undesirable practice of watering the soil after the seed is sown. Many objections might be urged against watering seed beds in hot dry weather, with tbe view of promoting ger- mination and healthy growth. The action and reaction caused by such a practice in some cases des'.roys the seed altogether, and the surface of the soil gets consolidated and caked over. By soaking the seeds and bed before sowing, and then shading it from the. hot sun, a healthy germination is promoted with very Utile trouble. As has already been remarked, the earliest Cauliflowers of the next season are produced from these autumn sowings; and as soon as they are ready to transplant, a border with a Jnly 1, 1869. ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. due south and sheltered exposure should be got ready for them. As earhness i3 the chief object, the soil should not be heavy nor damp. A good dressing of thoroughly-rotted manure should be trenched or dug deeply into it, and every spadeful of the Boil should be well pulverised. Hind-glassea should then be placed on the soil thus prepared, at about 2 feet apart one way, and 25 feet the other. The most stocky and healthy plants that can be selected are planted five in each glass ; one in each corner, and one in the centre. Although four or five plants are the number to be brought to maturity in these glasses, no harm results from putting a few more into each with the view of transplanting them in spring. This, where framing is scarce, is often practised. G ire, however, must be taken that they do not get crowded, or injury to the whole will be the result, and the transplanting of the superfluous stock should be done before rapid growth commences. When planted and watered, the light ehould be put over them, but not closely, and a slight shading afforded for a few hours in the middle of the day if the weather be hot. After they take with the ground, it must be kept in mind that the more exposed they are in autumn, while they con- tinue to make growth, the better will be their condition to stand the winter, should it be severe, and come away bold and strong in spring; consec[uently, the tops of the lights should be kept oS, except to throw off heavy rains. When the winters are severe, they should be kept closely shut-up while the frost continue, and should be screened from sudden bursts of sun- shine. If severe frosts take place after the sun gains sufficient power to thaw them quickly, they are more likely to suffer from sudden alternations of temperature than from continued severe frost. Generally this is all the shelter found necessary for moderate-sized plants that have not been crowded, and rendered tender thereby. In mild weather slugs are the prin- cipal devourers that must be looked after and destroyed in the Qsnal way. If the surface of the soil is covered with the sift- ings of burned earth or charcoal, it is good for the plants, and prevents slugs from harbouring so much. If more have been wintered in the hand glasses than can be left to come to ma- turity, they should be removed by the middle of March. If the hand-glasses are of the largest sizes, one plant in each corner and one in the middle may be left, as nice compact early heads are required rather than large ones ; but if the glasses are smaller, one in each corner is enough. The surface of the soil should then be well stirred, all dead leaves removed, and a slight earthing-up of a few inches of light rich soil applied. On fine days a free exposure to air must be followed out. shut- ting them up at night to prevent the soil from losing the heat absorbed by day. They soon make rapid progress, and April adds greatly to their size and strength, and they are generally far a-head of spring-transplanted crops. The glasses should be removed entirely as soon as the plants outgrow them. A top-dressing of well-rotted manure should then be laid over the surface of the ground among and around the plants, and over all a covering of soil. This moulds up the plants and keeps them steady. In performing this operation the corner plants should be pressed away from the centre, to further pre- vent them from becoming crowded. This moulding-up must be efficiently and firmly done, so that the plants do not get blown about and loosened at the neck by high winds, and a basin should be left all round them to hold manure water. When from dry weather it becomes necessary to help them on with water, let it be a thorough soaking once a-week in pre- ference to smaller quantities more frequently. A mulching should be applied after the first watering, and nothing is better lor this than old hotbed manure. In very cold damp situations it is advisable to pot up in October as many plants as are required for the desired number of_ glasses, in case, in the event of severe weather, they get crippled. In pots they can be wintered in a cold pit or frame, and turned out into the glasses as established plants, either to make up blanks or replnce the whole stock. These will come away much earlier than transplanted plants, and in cold localities it is always advisable to have a few plants in pots to make up blanks under the glasses, if not for anything more im- portant ; for if the blanks are made up by transplanting, the plants so introduced do not keep pace with the established plants, and eventually get smothered. Returning to the stock of young plants in the seed beds, the next consideration is to take steps to winter a stock of plants for planting out in good condition in spring, to succeed those under hand-glasses. The means to this end are to a great extent regulated by the climate of different parts of the country. I Some localities are so favoured with climate that the Canliflowws can be planted out in quarters like Cabbages, and generally stand the winter so managed. In others ess mild it is neces- sary to prick them off under the shelter of a wall. In the majority of cases it is wise not to trust them without some more substantial means of protection, and it becomes neces- sary to put a quantity into temporary pits, with some means of covering them up in severe frosts, and still better are they under glass in cold frames and pits. For this purpose the latest sowing recommended generally supplies the most snit- able plants, the earliest being generally too large, and not in such a good condition to stand the winter, and more likely to button in spring than less plants. The middle of October is a good time to transplant them into frames, which should stand dry and well exposed. Any moderately rich soil, such as common light garden soil, answers very well. The most healthy, stubby, and short-necked plants must be chosen, and planted in rows 4 inches apart each way. They may stand wider if space be plentiful ; certainly not closer if fine plants are to be produced. AU the autumn and winter they must be freely exposed to light and air in mild weather, by pulling off the lights every morning and tilting them well up at night. Rain must be kept from them on all occasions, as a superabundance of mois- ture makes them grow too much, and more liable to suffer from frost. All decaying leaves must be removed when they appear, the surface of the soil kept stirred, and if some charred soil is strewn amongst them, it keeps the surface of the soil from be- coming slimy and caked. In dull damp weather, when it becomes necessary to cover them up from severe frosts, it mnst be borne in mind that they are more likely to be killed by a sudden thaw than by a smart bite of frost. Therefore they should be kept covered up from light after the surface of the soil and the plants have become frozen, and not uncovered till they are completely thawed agiin ; and then the covering should be removed, and light and air admitted by degrees. Mice and slugs are the enemies that are to be guarded against, for if allowed their own way they soon spoil a lot of plants — the former by eating the hearts ont of them, and the latter by eat- ing the stems below the leaves. Looking at these Cauliflower plants that have been wintered in frames in cold localilitjs, the next consideration is how to manage them so that they shall succeed those in hand-glasses in a south border. If transplanted into the open borders or quarters in March they receive a considerable check, even when lifted with balls and carefully planted, and are likely to get checked severely by frosts and cutting winds before they take hold of the ground, so that the earliest of them has little chance of being ready by the time the latest under the glasses are cut. To cain the object in view I know of no better plan than that of potting them up out of the frames the first week in February, and establishing them in pots in kindly quarters under glass, for a time at least. In this way they receive a comparatively slight check, and fine strong plants can be turned out with good halls by the end of March. They are also better able to contend with sun and wind, and are much earlier than those transpdanted from the frames without being potted. Four-inch pots are large enough for the strongest plants, while the smallest may have a size less. The soil should be rich, such as old Melon-bed loam and weU-rotted leaf mould in equal propurtions, with a flight sprinkling of fine bone dust and sand. A single crock in each pot is enough. They should be potted firmly, and room left in the pot to hold plenty of water when they require it. In lifting the plants from the frame, the object should be more to get the roots as entire as possible than to preserve a ball of earth to them. None of them should be discarded on account of their being small, if healthy ; for the greater the variety in size, the longer and more regular the succession a given number of plants will afford. After being potted and well watered, they should be returned to the pit or frame and kept close for a time till they begin to take with the pots. Then they must be inured to full exposure, but always protected from frost, although in all other respects grown in a hard manner. The end of March, or, should the weather be cold, the beginning of April, is soon enough to plant them ont, unless in more favoured localities. The ground intended for them should be trenched and well manured with thoroughly rotted dung. Some of the most forward plants should be planted in a border with a south exposure, on a rather light rich soil. Here they will succeed those in the glasses. The rest may be planted in the open quarters, where the earliest of them will follow up those in the early border. In peiformiog JOOBNiL OF HOBTIODLTDBE AUD OOTTAGE OABDEMBR. I Jalr 1. 1889. the operation of plantiog, oircmnstaDCcs mast determine the | exact vray in which it is best performed. On heavy cold soils, \ upon which it is advisable to tread as little aa possible after it j is trenched, I have frequently left the trenching till the time of planting, and put the plants out as the trenching proceeded, j Having a heap of light rich soil in readiness beforehand, a I couple of spadefu'is of it were pat roand the ball of each plant to give it a start. This may perhaps be considered a preferable J way of doing the work on such soils, to that of hrst trenching the ground and then throwing oat pita for the light soil, inas- much as all treading of the ground is avoided. In free fine I soils there is nothing necessary beyond setting the line and planting the plant-balU entire in the natural ground. They should always be planted at such a depth that the soil reaches up to the first leaves of the plants. Two feet by two will be plenty of room for producing moderate-sized heads. If large ones for the hall be an object, some of them may be planted wider ; but for all practical purposes, 2 feet by 2 will be enough. In heavy soils, slags are a great pest if the spring proves wet, and a few plants should be kept in reserve to make ap blanks. Cinder ashes, sand, and various other things which slags do not relish, may be spread over the soil round each plant to help to check their work ; but to catch them and kill them is probably the best way of saving the plants. Where the ground is exposed to the north and east, it is a good plan to stick in a stiff sprig or two of evergreen on those sides of each plant, to protect them from cutting winds, which often prevail at that season. As they progress in growth they must be attended to by drawing a little soil to them, to keep them from becoming loose at the neck ; and, if dry. a good watering should be given before they are moulded up. To make sure of succession, I have frequently planted some ol these potted plants on a north border, and found them come in very handy, especially when the season proved hot and dry. About the middle of February, a sowing should be made in ■heat to succeed the autumn-sown plant.". The temperature should be from 55' to 60° till they come up ; then they should be removed to a dry cold pit or frame and placed near to the glass, and when about 2 inches in height pricked off into rich soil in a cold frame. Here they are completely protected from 4iny frost that may occur, but otherwise hardily reared. These .make fine strong plants by May, ready to be planted out. They should be lifted with good balls, and carefully planted and attended to with water should the weather be dry, till they get & good h )ld of the soil. For summer plantations a good, hold- ing, well manured and worked, loamy soil s the best: and in dry sandy soils it is most difBcultto prevent a great bulk of the .crop from buttoning if the season prove dry. To succeed this sowing made in heat, I have usually found it desirable to make another under hand-glasses on a wall border about the middle of March, and afterwards at intervals of three weeks, up to the middle of .June. The plants should always be pricked-out into beds of rich soil as soon as they can be conveniently handled, and before they become drawn in the seed bed. They suffer less from the transplanting when young than if it be delayed till they form deeper tap-roots. From the time they are pricked-out till they are established in the garden quarters, they mast never be allowed to get a check from want of water, for if once they become "blue," there is little chance of their doing well afterwards. This frequent sowing, and as frequent planting, is the only way to be sure of keeping up a constant succession of nice heads, fit to present in the dining room. It is not necessary to make large plantations, except in the case of the last for the season, from which a winter supply is expected at least np to Christmas. The last should, therefore, be the largest of the plantings, as it comes in at a cool season, when the heads stand long in good condi- tion, aud can be stored away to keep in quantities. The time for making the last sowing and planting will re- qaire always to be determined by the climate of different localities. Here the latest may be delayed till August, bnt in most places in Scotland it will require to be planted somewhat earlier. By the time the latest is consumed, it is succeeded by that excellent variety of Broccoli, known by the name of Snow's Winter Broccoli, easier known by name than by expe- rience, although I always manage to obtain it true. In light dry soils I have found it a good plan, to make sure of rgood Cauliflower, in very dry seasons, to plant a few rows among rows of Peas, kept rather wider apart than is common. The Peas afford shade to the plants, and I have seen them do well ■when they buttoned extensively in open quarters. The later, and particularly the latest, should always be in well-exposed sitnations. It is > practice in England to take two crops of Caaliflowers from the same ground. When those planted in April in an open quarter are cut, which is generally by the 1st of July. I have frequently trenched or dag the ground and planted again, and had two good crops in the same place. The latest planting has generally succeeded the earliest sowing of Kidney Beans and second-early Potatoes. In keeping up a constant supply of this vegetable, one of the most necessary auxiliaries is a cool, dry, dark cellar, with its floor, or part of it at least, covered li inches deep with moist sand. When CauU flower comes in quicker than it can be used, it should be cut — when scarcely so big as is desired for toble — with half a foot of the stem attached, the leaves cut off square with the surface of the flower, and then stuck into the sand in the cool dark place. In this way they keep crisp for weeks ; and for saving the late crop when frost sets in, it is a plan much preferable to that of hanging them up in sheds with the leaves and stumps attached ; and late in the season particularly, it is surprising how long they keep in good condition. As to the best kinds of Cauliflower for different seasons, I think, if I had to confine myself to one sort, I would choose the Walcheren. For a summer variety probably the New Frog- more is preferable, inasmuch as it stands longer without open- ing or running than the Walcheren. These two. with the Early London, are the varieties I confine myself to. About fifteen or perhaps more years ago, there was a sort grown about London as Myatt's Cauliflower, which to my mind was the best I ever saw, but have not seen it trae for a good many years. — D. Thomson {Tlir (iardencr.) GjiJlDENERS' ROY.VL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. Thk twenty-sixth onniverBary dinner of this Institntion took place at the London Tavern, BishopsEatc Street, on the 23rd of .lane. The Dnke of Argyll. K.T., took the chair, and was supported by G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S. ; J. Bateman. Esq . F.R.S. ; Professor Owen, A. Helps. Esq., K. Wrench. Esq., and .1. J. Mcchi, Esq. Among tho company, which was more than usnally ntimerons. were Mr. .John Lee, Mr. Charles Lee, Mr. Williams. Mr. Corraichael. of Sandringham Oarilens, Mr. Eyies. Mr. EarU-y, Mr. Forsyth, Mr. Holmes, Mr. Jadd, Mr. Marnock, and Mr. Taylor. The Chairman, in proposing the hcaltli of Her Majesty, dwelt at some length on the interest which she takes in plants, especially in those which flonrish on alpino snmmits. where Nature, as if to com- pensate for the fewness of her gifts, had given the flowers such exqoi- site delicacy and beanty. And he related that only three weeks ago Her Majesty had asked him if he remembered the name of a flower which sho had brought home in one of her Highland excursions, and he was sorry to sny he did not, but Her Majesty showed him the whole collection of dried specimens of the plants of Braemar ; he examined them, and he believed he was correct in stating that the plant was Azalea procumbens. He mentioned this to show the interest Her Majesty takes in botany. After the other loyal and patriotic toasts, the Chairman, in pro- posing the toast of the evening, " Prosperity and Success to the Gar- deners' Koyal Benevolent Institution, said he well knew there were present those who were better acquainted with its objects aud operation than himself, hut the object was to provide retiring allowances or pensions to gardeners, market gardeners, nurserymen, and their widows, to make them comfortahle in their old ago. He rejoiced to say that it was not one of tho conditions attached to the pension that the reci- pients should live immured in buildings, hut they could live with their friends, and in this way a comparatively small sum sufliced to make them comfortable. The mle by which preference is given to those who have subscribed for fifteen years so long as any such are candi- dates for election, was commended as being very judicious. And then, referring to the mode in which the funds are raised, it was remarked that they are partly derived from gardeners themselves, but still more largely from others : but if all the working gardeners in this country were to subscribe, the funds would be more than sufficient. Nothing had surprised the public more than the large sums of money which had been subscribed by trades' societies throughout tho country, showing what could be done l>v a long pull, a strom; pnll, and a pull all together. Bnt Iricklaycrs. carfwnters, and other trades were chiefly gathered together in "the great centres of industry, while gardeners have been under great disadvantage? in this respect from shunning these centres, and especially the chimnies. From being thus scattered in remote dittricte, gardeners had some difllcnlty in providing for themselves funds for their maintenance in sickness and old ago ; at the same time he would earnestly recommend tho adoption of some more ample system of organisation for the purpose. Iteferring then to the market gardeners, he knew nothing more wonderful than how London 8 3.000,000 of population were provided with fruit and vecetables— a po- pulation exceeding that of many of the roost powerful states of ancient I history. One had only to walk ont on a hot summer's evening, and he July 1, 18119. ] JOUBNAL OF HOBTICULTXTRE AKD COTTAGE GARDENER. woold see handreJa of waggons coining into that greatest of all gardens in the world— Covent Garden; and even Penzance sent to it early Broccoli and early Potatoes, and the tropics their fruits. No country in the world was "supplied with such fine fruit as this, and he even believed that the table of the Emperor of the French was supplied with it from this country. So with flowers. He, the Chairman, had had no wish so great as"to see the flowers in the tropics— he supposed he never should, hut he was somewhat reconciled to that on reading the remarks m ilr. Wallace's " Malay Archipelago." Individually the flowers of the tropics were magnificent ; hut as regards colouring the landscape, they were not so effective as the flowers of the temperate regions — the Heather on our mountains, the Hyacinths of oar woods, and the flowers of our pastures. Besides the flowers of our own tem- perature, those of other regions had been brought together and culti- vated successf ulh . These were great triumphs of skiU, great triumphs of industry, and the gardening of this country was one of the greatest triumphs of civilisation. After referring to the refining influence of flowers, the Chairman concluded by calling on his hearers to cultivate th« gardener's art, and to show their interest in that class of men to whom society owes so much. Among the other toasts were " Physiological Science," coupled with the name of Professor Owen ; " The Chairman ;" " The Horticultural and Botanical Societies," responded to by Mr. Bateman ; " The Trea- surer," responded to by Mr. Wrench; "The Secretary;" and "The Nursery and Seed Trade," coupled with the names of Mr. Veitch and Mr. Hurst, the latter of whom returned thanks. As usual there was a tastefully arranged group of plants at the back of the chair, aUo plants and cut flowers on the tables and in other parts of the room. These were contributed by Messrs. Veitch, Lee, Williams, and Turner ; while fruit for the dessert was sent from the gardens of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Baron Rothschild, and Mrs. Dixon, of Stanatead Park. The list of donations amounted to nearly £500. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Rose Show, ./ /nc 29''i. — More favoured by weather than its prede- cessor at the Crystal Palace, this exhibition, with which is incorporated the National Rose Show, was eminently successful in the number of stands exhibited, the quality of the flowers, and in the numbers who flocked to this the great levr-e of the queen of flowers. There were, as there always are, a good many defective blooms ; there were, as there always are, a good many stands which might have been set np to much better advantage ; but on the whole there was an absence of coarseness, a refinement of form, and a beauty and freshness of colour, which gave it a peculiar charm. Larger blooms of many of the kinds have been shown, and not a few had changed colour under the influence of the h«t sun of the past week, but taken all in all this was the Rose show of the season — a season hitherto in some respects as remarkable as that of 1S6S. In Class 1, seventy-two single trusses, Messrs. Paul & Son were first with a splendid collection, in which we remarked iis fine — La Ville de St. Denis, Esposition de Brie, Clotilde, Marrchal "V'aillant, Marie Baumann, very large and fine, but showing the eye a little ; Pierre Netting, Dr. Andry, Marguerite de St. Amand, Le Rhone, Comtcsse de Chabrillant, Antoine Ducher. Baroness Rothschild, Charles Le- febvre, Alfred Colomb, Victor Verdier, Camille Bemardin, Xavier Olibo, Mdlle. Mai-ie Rady, Duchesse de Caylus. Pitord, Marechal Niel, Senateur Vaisse, Leopold Premier, Madame Victor Verdier, Madame Thercse Levet, Beauty of Waltham, Felix Genero, I)evienne Lamy, new ; Trioraphe de Kennes. Maurice Bemardin. CentifoUa Rosea, Francois Treyve, extremely brilliant; Thorin, Jean Cherpin, and Madame Willermoz. Mr. Tamer came second, with a lot but little inferior, containing beautiful examples of Souvenir de Monsieur Boll, Horace A'ernet, Rubens, Felix Genero, Souvenir de Comte Cavour. General Jacqueminot. Abel Grand, Napoleon III., darkly shaded ; Marie Baumann, Prince Camille de Rohan, Rev. H. Dombrain, Narcissfi, Madame Victor Verdier, Marguerite de St. Amand, John Hopper, Gloire de Dijon, Maurice Bemardin, Duchesse de Caylus, Madame Charles Wood, and Triomphe de Caen. Mr. Keynes, of Salisbury, who was third, had fine blooms of Duchesse d'Aoste, bright rose ; Marguerite de St. Amand, Victor Verdier, not large but beauti- folly fresh ; Marie Baumann, Alba mutabilis. Souvenir de Mal- maison, Madame Vidot, Coquette des Alpes, white ; Dr. Andry, Due de Rohan, Lord Macaulay, Eiie Morel, Abel Grand, and good examples of several others. The fourth prize went to Messrs. Francis, of Hertford, for stands which included good trusses of several of the varieties already named. Class 2 was for three trusses of forty. eight varieties. In this the first prize went to Messrs. Paul & Son tor magnificent specimens of Leopold Hausbnrg, Duchesse de Caylus, Madame Clemence Joigneaux, Dnke of Edinburgh, Madame Pillion, MarRuerite de St. Amand. Souvenir d'Elise, Senateur A'aisse, MdUe. Thcrise Levet, Horace Vernet, Xavier Olibo, Beauty of Waltham, Exposition de Brie, Mare- chal Niel, Comtesse de Chabrillant, Antoine Ducher. Charles Lefebvre, Camille Bemardin, Abel Grand, jPanl Verdier, Triomphe de Caen, Maurice Bemardin, Marie Baumann, John Hopper. Alfred Colomb, Madame Caillat, and Prince de Portia. To Mr. Kevnes the second prize was awarded for stands containing fine trusses, among which the following were conspicnons : — Louise de Savoie, iilarguerite de St. Amand, Exposition de Brie, Madame Sertot. Duchesse d'Aoste, Madame Vidot, Victor Verdier, Madame Canrobert, John Hopper, Charles Lefebvre, and Paul Verdier. The third prize went to Mr. C. Turner, who had fine examples of Exposition de Brie, Charles Lefebvre, Beauty of Waltham, Souvenir de Comte Cavour, Globe de Dijon, John Hopper, Madame Victor Verdier, Marie Baumann, General .Tacqneminot. Alfred Colomb, Duke of Wellington. Madame Clemence Joigneaux, Vicomte de Cazes, and Manrice Bernardin. The fourth prize was taken by Messrs. Francis, John Hopper, Charles Lefebvre, Gloire de Dijon. Jules Margottin, Colonel de Rougemont, and Mdlle. Bonnaire, were the most conspicuous in this collection. The next class was for three trusses of twenty. four kinds, and though not so effective, was everything that could be desired as regards quali^. Messrs. Paul it Son were again successful in taHug the first position with Marguerite de St. Amand. Baroness Rothschild, .John Hopper, brilliant; Beauty of Waltham, Maurice Bernardin, splendid; Senateur Vaisse, Madame Neman, Duke of Edinburgh, very fine, and rich in colour ; Marie Baumann, Madame Rivers, Abel Grand, La France, Lord Clyde, and Mdlle. Tht-rese Levet. Mr. Turner came second with Madame C. Joigneaux, John Hopper, Leopold Hausbnrg, Victor Verdier, Madame Victor Verdier, Paul Verdier, Imperatrice Eugenie, Marguerite de St. Amand, Felix Genero, Marie Baumann, and Ex- position de Brie, besides others likewise very good. The third prize went to Mr. Keynes, who had very good examples of Victor Verdier, Marie Baumann, Duchesse d'Aoste, Madame Vidot, Dr. Andry, Madame Beauverger, Alfred Colomb, John Hopper, Madame Roths- child. Marguerite de St. Amand, Beauty of Waltham. and Comtesse de Chabrillant. Mr. Cranston, King's Acre, Hereford, was fourth with, among others, very large trusses of Marguerite de St. Amand, FeUx Genero, Jules Margottin, and Monsieur Noman. Mr. Fraser, of Lea Bridge, sent Le Rhone, Exposition de Brie, John Hopper, and Leopold Hausbnrg, very beautifal both in form and colour. In the nurserymen's class for single trusses of twenty-four varieties, Mr. Cant was first with splendid specimens of Marie Banmann, Ba- ronesse de Rothschild, Madame Willermoz, Marechal Niel, Marechal Vaillant, Celine Forestier, Madame Bravy, Duchesse de Caylus, Souvenir d'un Ami, Xavier Olibo, and Marguerite de St. Amand. Mr. Keynes was second with Viceroy, a new purplish kind with a brighter centre, Felix Genero, Abel Grand, John Hopper, and several others equally good. Mr. Turner was third with a very good stand, and Mr. Cranston fourth. In the amateurs' class for forty-eight varieties there were several excellent exhibitions, particularly that from Mr. Chard, gardener to Sir F. Bathurst, Bart., Clarendon Park, Salisbury, who gained the first prize. In this were excellent trasses of Marie Baumann, Mdlle. Bonnaire, Marechal Niel. Madame Boutin, Madame Moreau, Due de Rohan, Fisher Holmes, Duchesse de Caylus, John Hopper, Marechal Vaillant, Pierre Notting. Exposition de Brie, Maurice Bemardin, Sou- venir d'un Ami, and Celine Forestier. The second prize went to Mr. A. Moffat, gardener to the Earl of Rosslyn, Eastou Lodge, Dunmow, who had fine specimens of Maurice Bernardin, Marechal Niel, John Hopper, Madame V. Verdier, Fran.;ois Lacharme, Moiret, and Rmbens. Mr. Ingle, gardener to Mrs. Round, Birch Hall, Colchester, was third with fine trui^ses of Exposition de Brie, Rubens, Madame Caillat, Jules Margottin, Marechal Niel, Marechal Vaillant, La Brillante, Senateur Vaisse, La France, and Jules Margottin. Mr. Exell, gardener to J. HoUingworth, Esq., Maidstone, was fourth, who, as well as Mr. Laxton, of Stamford, had in his stands excellent blooms of Marechal Niel, Alfred Colomb, Madame Victor Verdier, Marie Baumann, Senateur Vaisse, Victor Verdier, and La France. Mr. Johnson, of Uxbridge, would have been second if he had not had two blooms under the name of La Brillante. Of his others several were very bright-coloured and fine, especially Madame Victor Verdier, Senateur Vaisse, Madame Caillat. MdUe. Thercse Levet, Narcisse, Victor Verdier, and Due de Rohan. In Class 6, for thirty-six varieties, there were several very fine exhi- bitions. The first honours went to Mr. Chard, who had admii-able blooms of Olivier Delhomme, Thorin, Duchesse de Caylus, Dr. Andry, Xavier Olibo, Manrice Bemardin, Narcisse, Marechal VaiUant, Lord Macaulay, Madame Knorr. Comtesse de Chabrillant, Madame Boutin, John Hopper, Madame Charles Crapelet, Rubens, and Marechal Vaillant. Mr. Ingle, gardener to Mrs. Round, was second with Charles Lefebvre, Charles Lawson, Madame Domage, Jules Margottin, Lord Raglan, Marechal Niel, Sec. ; and Mr. Stoddart, gardener to J. G. Rebow, Esq., M.P., Wivenhoe Park, third; Mr. A. Moffat being fourth, and an extra prize was awarded to Dr. Cooper, of Slough. _ The class for twentv-four single trusses brought very good exhibitions from Mr. Cant, Mylaud Lodge, Colchester, and Mr. Stoddard, who were first and second. Among the kinds shown were excellent trasses of Fisher Holmes, Marie Baumann, Merechal Niel, Comtesse de Cha- brillant, Dr. Andry, La Ville de St. Denis, Souvenir de Charles Mon- tault, Marechal Vaillant. John Hopper, Victor Verdier, MdUe. Bon- naire, Jules Margottin, and Charles Margottin. In Mr. Cant's collec- tion every bloom was good. Mr. Exell was third ; Mr. Stretton, Manningford, fourth ; and an extra prize was awarded to Mr. Soder, gardener to 0. Hanburv, Esq. For twelve trasses Mr. Cant was again first with fine examples of Pauline Lansezeur, John Hopper, La Ville de St. Denis, Cloth of 1 Gold, Marie Baumann, Marechal Niel, George Prince, Charles Le- 6 JOURNAL OF HORTICDLTUBE AND COTTAGE QAKDENEE. [ July 1, IBM). febrre, «n4 Madame Clemence Joipieanx. Mr. Soder was second, Mr. Marsh and Mr. Qniunoll third, and Mr. Strotton fourth. For I'ightcen new Roses of 1SG7 or 1BC8, which will be reported on by " O., Deal" the rrizcs went to Messrs. I'anl & Son, Mr. Keynes, Mr. Cant, and Mr. Tnrncr, in the order named. Mr. Cant, of Col- chester, was first for twelve trusses of auy now Uose of 1867 with La France, Mr. Keynes second with Klie Morel. The first prize for the best six trasses of any now Koso of l.SOS was awarded to Messrs. Paol and Son for Dnke of Edinhnr^h, the beauty and brilliancy of which wore noticed last week in connection with the Crystal Palace Show. Yellow Koses, however charming in themselves, when nnmixed with other hriphtcr-colonrcd varieties exhibit a great amount of sameness. The first place for the best twelve was taken by Mr. Cant with Vicom- tesse de Cazes, Gloiro de Dijon, Trionipho de flennes, Marichal Niel, Climbing Devouiensis, and Celine Forestier, all of which were in fine condition. Mr. Stoddart came second with Marechal Niel and Tri- omphe de Rennes, both finely coloured, Solfatcrre, Gloiro de Dijon, and Madame Falcot ; Mr. Keynes being third, and Mr. Chard fourth. In tho class for the best exhibition of yellow Roses of ouo or more varieties, Mr. Cant was fir.st with a splendid group of Marechal Niel, Celine Forestier, very fine, Triomphe de Rennes, Madame Falcot, and Safrano. Mr. Stoddart was second, and Mr. Chard third. The classes for twelve Tea-scented and Noisette Roses drew together several very pretty collections. Mr. Cant took the lead among nnr- Berymen with beautiful examples of Madame Bravy, Marechal Niel, Niphetos, Souvenir dun Ami, Rubens, Gloire de Dijon, Madame ■Willermoz, Celine Forestier. Triomphe de Rennes, and Marquise de Foncanlt. Messrs. I'anl k Son were second with excellent specimens of several of the above, Reine da Portugal, new, and Lamarque. Mr. Keynes, who was third, had Madame Scrtot, very large and fine, Mo'irot, Sombrieul, and others already named. In tho amateur's class Mr. Ingle, who was first, had fine trusses of Madame Bravy, Gloire de Bordeaux, Marechal Niel, Madame Margottin, Gloire de Dijon, Devonicnsis, Rubens, Bougere, Souvenir dun Ami, and Souvenir d'Klise. Mr. W. Cant, of Myland Lodge, Colchester, who was second, had, besides fine examples of Marechal Niel and Adam, very good ones of Souvenir d'un Ami, Paulino Labonte, Devoniensis, Gloire de Dijon, Triomphe de Rennes, Madame Bravy, Celine Forestier, and Cloth of Gold. Mr. Stoddard was an excellent third. In the open class for single blooms of twelve varieties, the first prize ■went to Mr. Cant, nurserymen, Colchester, for a remarkably tine stand containing Souvenir d'un Ami, Colonel de Rongemont, Marie Baumann, Marechal Niel, beautifoUy coloured ; Dao de Wellington, Marguerite de St. Amand, La Ville de St. Denis, Madame Bravy, Le Rhone, and Gloire do Vitry. Mr. J. Keynes, who was second, had Sonvcnir dun Ami, Monsienr Noman, Souvenir de Malmaison, Pitord, Elie Morel, Victor Verdier, Marie Baumann, very bright and beautiful ; Louise de Savoie, Marguerite de St. Amand, and Devoniensis. The third-prize lot came from Mr. Turner, and contained Caroline Hole, a seedling ■with, as shown, a salmon-rose centre and pui-plish pink towards the outside ; Antoine Ducher, Rubens, Monsieur Noman, Gloire de Dijon, and others less noteworthy. Mr. J. Cranston, who was fourth, had Marquise de Mortemart, pretty pale rose. Prizes were offered for vases or baskets of Roses, but brought no novelty in design. Mr. Soder was first with a March stand with Ferns and Roses at the base, Japanese Honeysuckle twining up the stem, and Roses, Pteris, and Maidenhair Fern in the top dish. Mr. Chard was second with a similar stand, having Cissus discolor twined up the stem, and ornamental grasses freely introduced. Prizes were also offered for six bouquets of distinct kinds, five trasses of each. Mr. Cant, nurseryman, of Colchester, was first ■with beautiful examples of Le Rhone, Celine Forestier, Marie Banmann, Souvenir d'Elise, Charles Lefehvre, and Marguerite do St. Amand. These were set up in Etruscan terra-cotta vases, and surrounded with bonqnet paper. Messrs. Paul & Son were second with John Hopper, Dr. Andry, Marguerite de St. Amand. Senateur Vaisse, Celine Forestier, and Charles Lefebvre. set up in Hyacinth-glasses. Mr. Chard was third. Of Moss Roses only two stands were shown, the exhibitors beinR Messrs. Paul & Son and Mr. Cranston. There were in these trusses of Baronne de Wassenaer, the Common, which still maintains its place as one of the best, Angeliqne Quetier, Celina, Laneii, &c. Of Roses in 8-ineh pots, the admirably-grown plants from Messrs. Paul & Son were first. The following were especially remarkable for the profusion of bloom— viz., Dnchesse de Caylns, Souvenir de Mal- maison, Charles I.efebvre, Dr. Andry, Louise Margottin, Lord Clyde, Senateur Vaisse, General Jacqueminot, Triomphe de Soissons, Leopold Hanshurg, and Louise Odier. Mr. Turner, who was second, had also most excellent plants, Maurice Bernardin, John Keynes. Marechal Vaillant, Duchesse de Caylus, and Madame Alfred do Kougemont were particularly worthy of mention. Messrs. Francis, were third. The first prize for new Roses in pots went to Messrs. Paul & Son. The miscellaneons subjects were not numerous, Mr. W. Panl sent iis new Roses, Prince Leopold and Princess Christian. Phlox Beauti- ful, and Blue Bell and other Pelargoniums, including Waltham Bride, •with white-variegated leaves and white flowers. Mr. Postans, of Brentwood, sent fifty splendid blooms of John Hopper Rose ; Mr. Hooper, Widcombe HUl, Bath. Pinks, both show and bedding, Picot«es, and Pansies; Messrs. F. & A. Smith, Tricolor and Bicolor Pelar- goninms ; Mr. Mann, Brentwood, flowering .and Tricolor-leaved Zonal Pelargoniums; Mr. Turner, Blue Gown Cucumber; and Monsieur Banlant his beautiful artificial flowers and plants noticed in the report of tho Floral Committee of June Ifitli. KOYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY'S SHOW. Tms Society's last Show for the season commenced yesterday, and will bo continued this day. For this time of year there is a groat amount of freshness and beauty in the plants exhibiud, which, as usual, are very numerous, bnt fruit forms its distinctive feature. Mr. Miller, gardener to Lord Craven, Combe Abbey, carries off tho first prize for tho best collection vrith two handsome Queen Pino Apples, splendid bunches of Black Hamburgh Grapes, Foster's White Seed- lin" Grapes, two Melons, Royal George Peaches, very large and fine, Elrugo Nectarines, and British Queen Strawberries. Mr. Banner- man, gardener to Lord Bagot, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Miles, Mr. Simpson, of Wortley, and Mr. Carmichael, gardener to the Prince of \N ales, have also good collections. Tho last.named exhibitor has in his collection two fine Melons, named respectively the Prince and Princess of Wales, the former green-fleshed, the latter scarlet-flesbed, and largo buncheB of Black Hamburgh Grapes, which bad become much rubbed in car- riage Mr. Douglas, Loxford Hall Gardens, stands first for Black Hamburgh Grapes, with beautifully coloured compact bunches; and Mr Bannerman and Mr. Hend .-on, Coleorton, send fine bunches of the same kind. The best Mus • e. me from Messrs. Standish & Co. Mr Bannerman and Mr. Gold miih send very good Black Pnnce; Mr Cole Ealing Park, and Mr. Douglas, Buckland Swcttwater, the hunches from the former being especially good ; Messrs. Standish and Co baskets of tho Roval Ascot, finely coloured, and \ ines of the same Grape trained with a fiat head, bearing excellent bunches. Among baskets of Grapes, however, the lead in Black Hamhnrghs is taken bv Mr. Miller, in Muscats by Mr. Davis, of Fryem Barnet. Mr Henderson also sends Black Mammoth Grape, an Australian seedling, with very large oval berries. Peaches and Nertanncs on the whole are rather small. Mr. Jack, gardener to the Duke of Cleve- land Battle Abbey, has Bellegarde, very large, and Mr. Miller, Grosse Mignonne, verv fine. Pine Apples are few in number, and not re- markable for size. Mr. Ward, gardener to T. N. Miller, Esq., Bishop Stortford, has a fine Pricklv Cayenne, of .'ii lbs., an excellent Qaeen of it lbs. ; and Mr. Bailey, of Shardeloes, a large Providence and a """orchidTfrom Messrs. Williams, Parker, Hill, and ^^heelcr are remarkably good, whUst the collection of eight from Mr. Archer, gardener to A. Turner, Esq., Leicester, is worthy of all praiso. In this there is a fine mass of Cvpvilf October remove them to a shelf in the greenhouse, whore they can have abun- dance of I g'lt and air. Roses after Forcing fJd'm).— Plunge the pots in coal ashes quite to the rim. and give tho plants plenty of room. The situation should be open and w ir n. Supply them well with water, in September repot, and at the end of October remove them to a cold frame, plunging the pots as before, and admitting air r»n all fitvourable occasions, btit protecting from heavy rains and eevere frosts. During tho latter, a covering of mats in Addition to the lights will be de«irab1e. Prune fn November or Heeember. The plants mnv be taken from the frame as ruc|nired, and placed In the greenhouse or forcing pit. PiOEOMs' DcNO {A Subtcrib/-r).— It is not so powerful n manure M gnono, but i*t. n.'vortheies«, one of th« beht manures, and niiv bo safely used to all kinds of flowers, fruit 'r-es, and vegetnhUs. It 'should be thoroughly mixed with an equal quantitv of .irv sod, and atored in a phed where it will bo kept dry. Uv being laid thinly, turned over fre- quently. It is kept from heating, as when it heats, as it will do if laid thickly, its fertilising constituent. amuKUia. is to a great extent lost. About 1 inch in tulcknetifl is a good dre^Rint.'. nnd may be nppUod now as a top-dressing to tho ^.oil near Hose^ and fruit Ire* «. and ajain in March, neatly pointing it in with a fork, if that can uo d.ue without injury to the roots ; if, however, thoy aro near the surf-ire, it will be aumcient to cover the manure with a little soil. For vegoLables It ehould be applied previous to i»lanling and dug into the ground. ApntDEs ON RosK AND FariTTREKs (3frj(. O.).— There if. as Tousav, an unusual abundance of these pests this ynar, owing, no doubt. t.» the pre- valence of cold north-eatiterly winds. We do not know of a belter mode of destroying Ihem thfin dipping the shoots on a dry evening in tobacco water, which nmy bo obtained at anv tobacco maoubicturv, or it may be made by pouring four gallons of boiling water on 1 lb. of the Btrongest tobacco, covering up, and then the tot«acco should be strained and squeezi'dsoas to express the juice. If tho ^hoot8 cannot be dipped in the tobacco water, it may be Hpplied with a tine-rosed wntcring-pot or syringe. There is another effectual mode of clearing off the aphides— namely, to syringe the bushes on a calm evening, aud whilst wet dust them with tobacco powder, giving the hashes a good syringing the follow- ing evening. The bushes may be washed in autumn or winter before the buds begin to grow, with a composition of 4 ozs. of goft soap to a gallon of tobacco water, made from 4 ojts. of tobacco in a gallon of water; adding enough sulphur vivom. soot, and a lum;iof lime, unslaked, about twice tho size of a hen's egg to bring the mixture to the CLjnsistency of thin paint, applying it with a t.ruih to all the parts of the ^hootB and stems after pruning, rubbing it well into the angles and crevices of the bark and stem, and taking care not to dislodge the buds. Select Roses {Ilcnn/ Bc(brrU, Lancathire).—" Cloth of Gold and Mari- chal Niel are so precorioas, that I do not care to recommend them, but they are tho finest of tho yellow Pu>spb, and would do wel under glass. To your collection of seven Koses add these. They are free-blooming, and sncce&Hful Roses here, and, in my judgment, they are the tliU. Yellfitc : Gloire de Dijon* Triomphe de' E>-nnes, -i-liue' Forostier, and Solfalorre. The last requires a S. or S E wall. For free and continuouB blooming, no yellow Rose has a chance with it, good and excellent as are tho two first named. liouc colour or Pink: Baronne Prevost, William Griffiths, Gloire de Vitry, Comtesse de C< abrillant. John Hopper, Charles Rouillard, Barou Gonella, Comte de Nanieuil, Princess Mary of Cam- bridge, Paul Verdier, Monsieur Noman. JHiuortIy treat of tho out-dr culture of Grapes, or those agtUnst walls, when your queries will bo more fully answered. Wo cannot say whether you can grow Grapes profitibly on walls, .so muf^b depends on the locality. In qnality they are nbuut equal to foreign Ortpes, and are worth, when first-class, about Is. 6i. per lb. We have known them bring July 1, 1869. 1 JOUBNAL OF HORTICULTUBE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 15 less than 4d, per lb., when, as they often are, they were of very inferior qaality. Engine-hocse Wna>ows (J. K.) —We fear there will not be a sufficient command over the temDeratore to enable yon to grow successfully any kind of fruit ; but you might try Vines and Figs in pots. Plants would succeed, their foliage being kept clean by frequent spongings. Store plants would be most suitable, but would not the plants obstruct too much light? A few uf those most likely to sncceed are :— Tillandsia spleudens. Puva Altensteini, Ardisia crenulata. .Eohmea fulgens, Cereus grandiflorus, C. UcDonaldi, Olivia nohilis, Epiphyllnm truncatum, E. vio- laceum grandidorum, E. Salmoneum, Ficus. diversifolia, F. elastica, and Crotons variegatum and pictum. Polyanthus Seed not GERinNATiNG (W^m).— The probability is your seed was b»d, otherwise your plants would now be strong. They usually appear within a month from the time of sowing. Pyeamidal Goosebeeeies and Ccbrants {A Poor Lady).— Both are boshes, and succeed best trrown in that form. You may, however, have them as pyramids by putting in a stake to each plant and heading it down to 1 foot from the ground. The heading-down being done in autumn will secure aboots in spring. One of them mn-t be trained as a leader, erect, and other shoots tied down, rubbing ofi' all above three. These in autumn are to be cut back to 1 foot from the stem, and the leader short- ened to that extent. In the spring following the shoots from the leader are to be treated as in the previous year, only any shoots not required may have their points taken out when they have made three leaves, and be kept closely pinched back to one leaf afterwards, shortening them in autumn to within an inch of their base. The side shoots will need to I have some of the shoots proceeding from them stopped, as described above, allowing such as are advaatageously situated to grow so as to furnish shoots for bearing. They should be trained-in their fall length, and so as produce a uniform compact head, and not nearer together than 9 inches, though they may for a time be left 6 inches apart, and afterwards thinned out. The leader will need to be shortened in autumn to 1 foot, the second tier of side shoots cut back to 9 inches, and those from the second growth of the first tier cut back to about 6 inches, leav- ing them longer or shorter so as to keep their extremities in the same tier, at one distance from the stem all round. The shoots stopped should be cut back to within an inch of their base The treatment in subsequent years is only a repetition of the above, the object being to stop all shoots not required for extension, or the formation of the head, at the third leaf, keeping closely pinched afterwards to one, and cut them back at the winter pruning to" 1 inch from their base. The extremities of the main shoots should, when the bush or pyramid is wide enough, be cat to 3 inches at the winter pruning, and in summer be stopped at the sixth leaf. They may be grown to any height. We have seen 6*feet standards, but we think them quite tall enough at 4 feet, and prefer them as bushes not exceeding 3 feet 6 inches high. Cutting-back the Laurel, Ahbor-Vit.^, and Box 'E J".).— The best time to cut-in evergreen shrubs, the object not being to make them formal, but to get rid of too great a size or irregularity of growth, is at the beginning of May. It may, however, now be done, it not being ne- cessary to do more than remove the irregular straggling growths. If, however, they require to be cut hard-in and so that little beyond bare stems would be lelt, they would not start sufficiently this season to make their appearance presentable. In that case it wonld be best to postpone the pruning until the end of April, or beginning of May. HoYA CABNosA Elooms Faliino {E. S., C/if Isca).— The falh'ng of the blooms may be due to want of water at the roots, but we think it has been occasioned by the soil becoming sodden and sour from excessive waterings in winter, which would cause the roots to perish. Without any information as to the plant's treatment, we cannot arrive at a concla- sion nor advise. Gloxinia's Flotver Buds not Expanding (South Wales).— The buds have had the corolla destroyed by allowing water to stand in them. It may have been a result of syringing, or of condensed moisture, and the sun's rays falling powerfully upon them whilst wet. The only remedy will be shade from bnght sun, keep'ng them rather near the glass, and preserving a moist atmosphere by frequent sprinklings of the paths, walls, &c., avoiding wetting the plants overhead. You will, we think, yet have a good bloom. The white woolly-leaved plant is, we think, Gnaphalium lanatum ; the blue is a Nepeta, but we are unable to say which from so small a specimen. Herbaceous Plants (Q. Q.).—Yon will find lists of them with their height", colours of flowers, and usual time of flowering, at page 40 of Vol. XIII., New Series, of this Journal. Names op Fruits (J. R F.).— No fruit is more difficult to identify than the Strawberry, there being so many varieties, and the difficulty is in- creased, when, as in your case, their surface has been rendered pulpy by long travelling in contact with wet leaves. Th« two very fine berries you have sent, we believe — we are not certain—to be Sir Harry. Names of Plants {W. B.).— Tour Orchids are both forms of Orchis latifolia, and only difi'er in colour. (Annie Beyton].—^, Lonicera Lede- bourii. {Tyro—W. C.).— Colntea arborescens, the Bladder Senna. (F. P.). 1, Polygonum convolvulus ; 2, •^olanum Dulcamara ; 3, Centranthus ruber. (Mariiaret). — 1, Lonicera Ledebourii ; 2, Khododcndron hirsutom ; 3, ThalictrHm fiavum. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS in the Suburbs of London for the week ending June 29th. EAE03IETEE. THEBMOMETEE. Wind. Rain in inches. Date. Air. Earth. Mai. Min. Max. Min. 1 ft. dp. a ft. ap. Wed... 23 80177 30117 67 39 57 65 N.W. .CO Thars. 24 30.091 30,058 7J 41 67 66 N. .00 Fri.... 25 S .086 30.0 8 70 88 69 67 NE. .00 Sat.... 26 30.083 30.058 '!4 83 61 67 N.E. .00 San. . . 27 80.2 1 30131 79 48 61 67 E. .00 Mon.. . 28 30.221 20.199 69 85 62 67 E. .00 Taes. . 29 30.199 80.134 67 43 59 67 N.E. .00 Mean.. 80.151 30.111 70.8S 40.29 59.43 53.57 0.00 General Remabks. Fine and clear ; cloudy; clear and very fine. Foggy ; overcast but fine ; densely overcast. Overcast; cloudy but fine ; clear and fine. Very fine ; exceedingly fine ; overcast. Very fine ; fine and hot ; fine and very clear. Fine and clear ; cloudy ; clear and fine, cold air. Overcast ; very fine ; fine and very clear. POULTRY, BEE, AND PIGEON CSRONICLE. THE EAST INDIAN BREEDS OF GAME FOWLS. The Indian breeds of Game fowls are not very dissimilar to our own birds, though not io symmetrical, eo neat, or so clean in limb and in feet. As to size, they vary like our own Game fowls, and are of much the same average size. They are, how- ever, rather more of the Malay type, and more resemble the Malays, especially the smaller ones, than our birds do, but are perfectly distinct from them, having more of the Game shape, and being less stilly or long on the legs than the Malays. Some writers term the Indian Game fowls a smaller breed of the Malays, but any judge of fowls with a good eye can easily distinguish between the Indian Game fowls and the Indian or any other Malays ; in fact, they resemble ths wild Gallus ferru- gineus in most respects, much more than they do Malays, though, of course, larger than the wild aborigines, considerably smaller than the larger Malays, and much more symmetrical in form than any Malays ever are. They are of good courage, which Malays are not, as may be seen on reading Col. Mor- daunt's account of them, as he in 1827 took out English Game cocks to India on purpose to try the courage of the Indian Game breeds, and his birds were well beaten by them, probably owing to his cocks having suffered much from the long sea voyage to India, nearly sis months, I believe. The courage of the true East Indian Game breeds is as well known in India, as the cowardice of the Indian Malay breeds is. The Indian Game fowls which I have seen and heard of are of five distinct shades of red. I have also seen the yellow- legged Duckwings at Batavia, in Java, vfhile I was there in 1849, but as these are not considered anything more than a cross-breed, I shall not enumerate them as a sort. I saw na Duckwing hens, but only the cocks, which strongly resembled our smaller yellow-legged Duckwing Game cocks in all respeote, shape and everything. The five difierent standard colours I wiU enumerate as follows : — 1st. Black-bbeasted Eeds.— Eyes red, er reddish in general, the legs generally yellow, but sometimes yellowisb-green or yellow-willow. General colour of cock much resembling our own birds of this colour. Hen partridge colour, with fawn breast invariably — no other colour. 2nd. Ginger Beds.— Eyes red, or reddish in general, the legs yellow in general, but sometimes yellowish-green or yellow- willow, as in the above. Cock a ginger-red colour, with a reddish ginger breast. Hen a reddish light partridge ginger, with a ginger breast— not fawn-coloured. There are no cinna- mon orwheaten hens in this breed, which is closely allied to the first named. 3rd. Gingep.s.— Eyes yellow or daw always; legs always yellow ; the colour a very yellow ginger colour, scarcely red at all. The hen of a light yellow ginger, not a red ginger ; hght ginger breast. This breed resembles the smaller Malay breeds more than the others. 4tb. Brown-ep.eaeted Dark Beds.— Eyes very dark brown, bold and full. Comb and face inclining to gipsy in the cock, and quite gipsy-purple in the ben. Cocks of a dark brown-red plumage, with a red-brown breast, streaked with darker brown 16 JODBMAL OF HORTICULTURE iND COTTAGE GABDENEK. ( July 1, 1889. or clear red brown. Legs dark villon coloar. lien cf a d&ik pencilled dunky hr^wn, with a strenked dark breast. 5'.b. GiNOEi! BnowN hr.vn. — Eyes as in the preceding sort ; comb and luce also. Couks of a ginper brown-red colour, with ginger breasts streaked or clear. Hen of the same colour but Ughtir altogether than the preceding sort. Legs dark willow. The two last-named sorts are never yellow legged, but always dark willow-legged. In the two sorts first named the combs are reddish, but not so red as in our red-combed breeds of Game. In the Gingers, the combs are of a yellowish colour, scarcely red at all, and the last two sorts are invariably gipsy-combed. I should also have stated that in the Black-breaBted Reds, so called, the cocks are often mottled-breasted, or pheasant-breasted, instead of black, and that in the Giugers lliere are both black-breasted light ginger cocks, and the true light ginger-breasted ginger cocks. The three first-named sorts are much the most common, and the two dark-combed and dark-legged sorts much the rarest. It will be seen that these birds are of precisely the same colours as the wild Gallus ferrugineus, and only difler from them in their superior size and fierceness ; some, however, liave been crossed with the Malays, as is evident from their long and clumsy legs, and their approach to the Malay shape and coarse feather. The yellow legs are much the most com- mon with the Indian Game fowls, nnd legs of other colours than this appear to be rare ; in fact, the yellow leg greatly prevails in all tropical poultry, a fact which militates greatly against their originals having been solely a dark or darkish-legged breed, as (iallus ferrugineus minor is described as being. I am convinced that the true original of the tropical breeds of poultry must have been the small Ked-Brown yellow-legged breed, rather superior in size to the dark-legged Gallus ferru- gineus. I am also convinced that the original of the non- tropical breeds of poultry was a brown or horn-coloured legged breed of Gallus ferrugineus which once extended farther north and west of India in Western Asia, and which has now become extinct in those countries. When they were more thickly wooded and less peopled, it was certainly once to be found there, as well as in the East Indian Peninsula, and to 9° or, perhaps, 10° north of the tropic of Cancer. In the Black-breasted cocks of both Indian Game and the wild Jungle cock, it is to be observed that the breast is always of a greenish black or black with green reflections, and that the black breast with the bluish tinge, or with blue reflections, is never found in any Indian birds as it is in our own Game fowls, and the bar across the wing is invariably of a metallic green in the Indian breeds, and never steel bine, as often found in our own Game fowls. Many of our Game cocks have, however, the greenish tinge on both wings and breast, as is well known, bat the breeds with the bhiiih-tinged breast and wings are generally considered to be our best Black-breasted Red cocks, which are thus distinguished from and differ from the favourite East ludian colour for the breast and wings ; our breeds or strains with the greenis-h-linged breasts and wing=, thus in- clining rather more to the original wild or East Indian type. The five shades of colour described as belonging to Gallus ferrugineus, and to the East Indian Game breeds are, no doubt, the original and standard colours of our own Game breeds in this country, and all the other different strains and shades of colour found amongst our English Game breeds, have been made by different crosses and mixtures, and by breeding in-and-in from these five colours, two of which the Black-breaoted Reds, and the Brown Beds are most common with ns. — Teevoe. SPALDING EXHIBITION OF POULTRY, PIGEONS, AND RABBITS. This year's Exhibition was evidently a great improvement on tbo&o preceding it, the arrangements being excellent tbronnhont. The poaltry Show was held nndcr a tent, I-IO feet long, by 40 feet in width, and the comforts of tUe poiiUi-y could not be better provided for. A Horicultnral show of very high character was also held in con- junction nndcr a tent of precisely similar dimensions. We refer to the minute partioulars as to these tents, as it may prove of interest to many other committees that purpose holding similar meetings. All persons well conversant with the management of snch shows, know how roinons to the exchequer is tho occurrence of wet weather, and many an excellent show has been completely mined by consecutive years of nnfavonrable weather. It is evident these mishaps may be readily and inexpensively provided against, as we are informed not only this pair of gigantic tents, hnt also a smaller one for the pur- poses of the Committee, are provided, erected, and taken down by Mr. Wright, the tent maker, of Peterborongh, for an outlay of only ili. This includes all outgoiur^s, for there arc ** not any extras.' Itorkittgii were the first class of this Show, good throughout, but many sadly- diseased feet were to bo fonud amongst otherwise excellent stot-k. 'Inmc fowls stood next on the list, and here two pens of the Ik'^I birds wore compnlsorily disquah&ed from tlii.- owner transposing either the labels or the birds tbcmsolvcs when trun^mitting them to Simlding. It is somewhat Buri)riBiug when old well-practised hands commit lliis somewhat common blander, and one which as inevitably brings dis- appointment in its train. Tho Game classc were verj- good, n troly siileudid pen of Brown Reds, shown by Mr. Uilliver. takins the Game cap. Mr. Mapplebeck had it all his own way in Huff Vurhins, and Mr. Stephens was far ahead in the Pnrtridge-colonred variety. The Spanish were particularly good, and the prizes were closely contested. In liriihmnn the majority were shown not in the good feather that could be desired, the best-conditioned being decidedly the Licht ones as a whole. The IlnmbunihK were not large entries, knt mostly of very excellent character. The Oaiiif lltiiitaiiui were a large class of good specimens, but many of them were snffericR from over-exhibition. The Itlack Bantams were capital. I'igeims, Unhl.il.i. Omnries, an* fancy living foreign birds, added very much to the attractiveness of this meeting, and, perhaps, there has never in this district been so well selected an Exhibition, or one better supported by the pnbhc. {From a Corre^ponAent.) The Pif/eoiis formed a grand feature of the Show, both the Carrier classes being commended by tho Judge. The cop was awarded to Mr. Fnlton's Black Carrier cock, a bird remarkably good in head aud eye, and exhibiting true Carrier style. This well-known exhibitor took the prizes in Pouters and Tumblers, in by no means a poor competition. Barbs, Jacobins, Owls, and Fantails, formed excellent classes. Cam Birds brought a good entry. Mr. Harrison, formerly a resi- dent in this town, and now an extensive dealer in the west end of Lon- don, exhibited cages containing six distinct varieties of foreign birds, winning all the prizes in this class. One cage containing some beanti- ful specimens, was mounted with two globes of gold fiah. Great credit is due for the manner in which these specimens were shown. finhhils were not numerous, but very good Lop-eared, Himalayan. and Silver Grey were shown. The class for weight contained some largo aud heavv animals. Altogether this, the thu-d Exhibition, was in every way a great suc- cess ; both exhibitors and visitors owe their thanks to the Hon. Sec, Mr. Cammack, for the very able manner in which he carried out his arrangements. DOBKINGS (Any variaty).— 1 and 2, H. Lingwood. Barking, Keedham Market. 3 ancj he. Mrs. Arkwrigbt, Etw^ll Hall, Derby .Colourccll. c. Dr. Campbell, Brentwood (Coloured) ; Rev. G. Hustler, SliUmgBeet ViearaRe, York. . Game (Blnck and other Reds).— 1 and Can. W. GllUver, Polcswortli, Tamworth (Blnck Ked). 2, H. M. Jalian, HuU. 3 and he, H, E. Martm, Sculthorpe. c, S. Mtittfaew, Stowmatket. Game (Any other varietv).— 1, H. M. Julian (Dockwing). 2, W. OiUlver (Piles). 8. S. Matthew (Piles). _.„,.,. , Cocmxs (Buff).— 1, Cap. and 2, H. Mapplebeck, W.iodfield, Mosclcy, Birmingham. 3, and Uc, Henn' Lingwood. c. It. W. Richardson. Bcvorley. Cocnras (Any other variety) —1, J. St. phens, Walsall (Partndgo. i. a.- J. Godfrey, Hammersmith (Black). 3, G. Shrimpton, Leighton Buzzard (Wl'ite). Brabmas (Dark).-l and Cup, C. Lrvyland, ■Morris Brook, near 'Warring- ton. 2, E. Leech. Rochdale. ,S, H. Dowsett. Pleshey, Chelmsford, c, Uov. H. Combe, Aviesbnry. W. Plowrichl, Spalding. Brahmas (LiRht).— 1, H. Dowsett. 2. J. Pares, Postford, Guildford. 3, W. Whitelv. Sheffield, he, T. Hardy, Peakhill. ., o t SrAXisH (.\ny variety).- 1 and 2, T. C & E. Newbitt, Epwortb. 3. J. Stephens, Walsall, he. J. Laming, Spalding; A. Cole. Long hutton (Black); J.F.Dixon, Colgrave, Notts ; P. H.Jones, Fulham. c.J. ilan- sell, Lonpton ; H. Headley. ,. „. , t _j.u Hambckghs (Gold-poncilled).— 1, J. Laming. 2, W. K.Tickner, Ipswich. 8, T F. Upsher, jun., Sutton, CnmbridBeshire. ^ j o .. Hamecrohs iSilver-penciUed).— 1, J. Laming. 2, A. Woods, bclton. Liverpool. 8. G. Clarke. ^ , , . . ,. w ■ HASinuROHS (Gold-spangled).— 1, Miss C. E Palmer, Lightbome, War- wick. 2, J. P.ollinson.Lindley. nearOtley. 8, J. Lammg. lie, J. Barnes, Spalding, e. T. Walker, jun, Denton. . rr.u..,. HAirntraaus (Silver-spansled!.— 1 and Cup, J. Lammg. i, l. naifcer, inn. 3, J. Toolev, Downham Market, c, A. Storrar. Peterborough. PoLANDS(Any variety).— land Cup, J, Laming. 2, W. U. Patrick, Lynn (Gold). _ , n T> TT Fbekch Fowls (Anv variety).— 1. H. Wyndham,' Beverley. -, V. u.. Jones. 3, W. Tippler, Chelmsford (Houdan). Anv other Distinct Variety kot Pbeviocslv MENTiOKEn.— 1, J. Laming. 2, T. Spurr, King's Lynn (Japanese). , „, , , , , t, j. Game Eaxtams.-I and 2, W. F. Entwi-lc, Leeds (BUck-brcastcd Red). ,•5, W. Adams, St. Clements, Ipswich, he. J. Eaton, l-arnsticld, >olts (BInck-broasted Ked); H. Hcadlev; G. Maples, jmi, Wavertrcc. c, J. Laming; H. Egulestim, Halifax ; J. R. Robinson, Sunderland. Bantams (Any other varietvi.-l, A. StiTrar, Peterxoroagh (Black). 2, Mrs. Woodcock, Leicester (White Japane-^, i. 3 and lie, S. S. ilossop. Long Sutton. <-, J. Laming ; J. H. Dawes (Jipanesei. „, , , . , Skluno Class Any variety).- 1, R. Clement, >palding (Black-breasted Bed Game). 2, J. Laming(Game). 3, C. W. Gibbs, Sutton Marsh (Golden Hamburghs). c, W. Tippler (Buir Cochins). „., „ i, -j^ Docks (Roueu).— 1, E. Leech. 2, T. F. Upsher, jon., Sutton, Cambndge- shire. 8, Withheld. „ „ . c. Docks (Aylesbury).- 1, W. Tippler. 2, W. X. Hunt, Deeping, St. Nicholas. . .„ Poces (Anv other variety).—!. S. & B. Ashton, Motlram (Gargancy I Teal). 2, R. W. Richardson. 8, Withheld. Jnly 1, 1869. ] JODBNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GABDENEB. 17 FARMVinD— 1, R. W. Smith, Granford, March. 2, R. Webster, Weston, Mfirch. Oeese (Any variety).—!. Rev. G. Hustler. 2, Mrs. Sewell, Pinchbeck. PIGEONS. CiSRiERS (Any colour).—!, Cup, and 2, E. Fulton, DeptforJ. Whole class commended. Carriers. — 1, R. Fnlton. 2, E.Walker. Whole class commended. Pouters (Any colour). — 1 and 2, R. Fulton, he, P. H. Jones, Fulham ; E. Fulton. PocTERS. — 1, 2, and lo', R. Fnltnn. Tumblers (Almond).—! and 2, R. Fulton. Tumblers (Any other variety. Phort-f.Tre). — 1, 2, and he, R. Fulton (llottles and Short-face), r, P. H. Jones (Kites). Barbs {.Any colour).-!, W. Massey, Spalding (Black). 2 and he, P. H. Jones, c, H. Yardley. Jacodins (Any coloiirl.— 1. J. Hawley, Binalev. 2. T. C. & E. Newbitt. Fantails (Anv colour). — 1. J HawUv. 2, W. H. TomlinsoD, Newark iWhite). he, 11. Snushall, Fleet Haigato ; T. C. i E. Newbitt. c, H. Headley. TCRBITS (Any colour).—!, P. H. Jones. 2, H. Yardley. Owls (Any colour). — I, J. Fielding, juu., Rochdale. 2, P. H. Jones. he, T. Eggleston, Halifax. Dragoons (.Any colour).—], J. Hawley. 2, P. H. Jones. Ant other Distinct Variety. — 1, J. Hawley. 2, W. Woodhouse, West Winch, Lynn. Selling Class (Any variety).—!, H. Snushall (Victorias). 2, Hudson and Burnip, Epworth. CAGE BIRDS. Canary (Belgian).—!, E. S. Smith, Boston. 2, Miss E. M. Maples. Canary (Norwichj. — !, W. Woodhonse. 2, J. W. Harrison, Great Port- land St., London. Canary (Mule).— 1 and 2, W. Woodhonse. he, J. W. Harrison. Linnet, Goldfinch, or other English Finch.— 1. W. Woodhonse (Goldfinch). 2, E. S. Smith, Boston (Goldfinch), /ic, H. Harvey, Spalding (Bullfinch), c, R. .Tudd iBrowu Linnet). Lark.—!, J. A. Eaves, SUirbeck, Boston. 2. E. S. Smith. Thrush.—!, R. D Borne, jun , Boston. 2, E. S. Smith. Blackbird.—!, E. S. Smith. 2, R. D. Borne, jun. Parrot (Grey).— 1, r. Goodacre, Boston. Variegated Parrot. Paraijuette, Lorry, or othi5R Forkign Bird. — 1. G. E. Storr, Spalding (King Parrot). 2, T. Goodacre (King Parrot). Estra 2, H. Dodson, Moulton (Australion or Shell Parrots). Best Colle'-tion of Smali. Birds.-!, 2, and he, J. W. Harrison (Foreign and British Birds). Rabbits.— 7fcarifsf.—!.W. Jcffrev. 2, P. Boith, jun.. Spalding. he,T. Mumby, Long Sutton. Lop-rare, l.—l, B. Hud.son. Hull. 2. A. H. Easten, Hull. Faneif Varietti, except Lop-eared, — 1 and 2, A. H. Easten (bilver- Grey and Himalaya). The Poitltn/ were jad^ed by Edward Hewitt, Esq., of Birmingham, and the rii/cons, UnUiils, and Foreign Birds by Matthew Hedlcy, Esq., of Claremont, Surrey. BARNSTAPLE POULTRY SHOW. The foUowinfj is a list of the prizes awarded at this Show, held on .Jane SSrd and -litii. Cochin-China — !. .T. Beard, St. Blazey. 2, J. H. Dawes, Moseley Hal! c, SV. L. Trewin. Ki)khampion. Beahmas.— 1, L. H. Ricketts, Bemvell. 2, H. Day, Ilfracombe. c, S. R Kigham, Morcbard Ei^h ip. Malay ran Indian Game.- 1 and 2,H. Darch, Stratton. Cornwall. Game (Black-breasted Reds).—! and 2, I'.ev. G. S. Cruwys, Crnwys Slorchard. Game (other Reds).—!, E. C. Pope, Falmouth. 2, J. Westacott, Barn- Staple. Game (Any other varietv).— 1, Rev. G. S. Cruwvs. 2, Withheld. Dorkings (Coloured).-!, G.N. Walsh, Halsd'en, Dolton. 2, S. Wood, man, Barnstap e. Dorkings ( White) — !. Withheld. 2, Mrs. Hartwell, Pentra. Spanish.—!, Tonkin 4 Tuckey, Bristol. 2, W. Nosworthy, Exeter. MiNORCAS (Red-face).- 1, F. Brewer, Lostwithiel. 2, I^. Gloyn, Bridge- rale. }tc, H. Leworihy, Newport, Barnstaple. Andaldbian (Blue, or Blue Piles).- 1, J. Perrien. 2, W. Harper. Anconas. — I and 2, Miss C. E. Leworthv, Newport, Barnstaple. French.—!, J. F. Worth, Washfleld. ' 2, Miss B. W. Baring, he, F. Brewer. Polands.— 1, Mrs. E. Procter, Hull. , .J. Beard, c, M. A. SIv. Albaston. Hambdrohs (Go] leu-penciUed).- !, H. -A. Carvannel, Redruth. 2, S. R. Harris, Cusgarnc, St. Days, he, F. Perren, BriatoL e, J. H. Nicholls, Lostwithiel ; J. Stevens, Bideford. Hajiburghs (silvor-pencilled).- !. S. R. Harris. 2. J. Wa'ter. Bideford. HAjruDiiGns (Go)den.s,>angled).— 1, J. Medway, Newton Abbot. 2, Miss S. E. Delnjar, Trelana. Buds. Hamburghs (Silver-spanuled).- !, S. R. Harris. 2, E, C. Pope. Any other New or Distinct Variety Except Bantams. — 2, T. Sherston. Game Bantams.—!, W. Dale Weston-snper-llaro. 2, F. Brewer. hs. Master Williams. Bantams (Any other varietv).— 1, Rev. G. S. Crnwvs. 2, S. Woodman, Barnstable, he, R.v. G. 3. Cruwys. c. Tonkin' & Tuckey ; Rev. G. S. Cruwys; R. L. HoU-. Hann,iford, Swinbridge. Turkeys.-! and 2, L. Patton, Hillmore, Taunton. 3, J. Heal, Parkham. Guinea Fowls.—!, T. Hill, Marwood. 2, H. Adney, Pemberton, Col- lanipton. Geese (Toulouse, Emhden, or Farmyard).—! and 2, J. Heal. 3, H. Adney. Gf.ese (Any other variety).—! and 2, Mrs. Bravley, Swinbridge. DncKS (Rouen or Aylesbury).— !.L. H. Bicket'ts. 2 and 3, L. Patten. Ducks (Any other variety) — !, .J. Oliver, Bideford. PIGEONS. Cashiers.— 1, C. Bnlpin, EriJgewater. 2, G. S. Hockey, he, J. Daw Bideford ; G. >. Hockey. ' ' Pouters.-! and 2, O. Bnlpin. Tumblers (Almond).— I, Master C. W. Bnlpin. 2, H. Yardley. Tu-MBLERS (.Any other variety).— I, Master C. W. Bulpin. 2, W. Westa- cott, Barnstaple. Barbs.-! and c, F. L. Smith, Newport. 2, H. Yardley. •Jacobins.— !, C. W. Bnlpin. Owls (Foreign) — !. C. Smith. 2, C. Bnlnin, Newport. Fantails.— ! and he, Mrs. Bnlpin. 2, H. Yardlev. Owls (English). — !, W. Westacott. 2, Master Bulpin. TftcaiPETERS. — I, Mi=!S F. M. Bulpin. 2, J. A. Sleath, Newport. Tcrbits.— I, H. Yardley. 2, C. Bulpin. Nuns.— !, C. Bulpin. 2, H. Yardley. Any other New or Distinct Variety.— I, H. Yardley. 2. A. Garnish, Chittlehampton Vicarage, he, Mrs. Bulpin. e, E. S. Keall, Ilfratombe. Cage Birds.— I, N. Robbins (White Mule); Mrs. Petherbridge, Barn- staple (Parrots). 2, J. Galliford, Lake, Tavistock (Lark). Judges. — Dr. Scott, and the Rev. G. F. Hodson. A LITTLE ADDITIONAL PIGEON LORE. Being sometbing of an archnsologist, and very much of a Pigeon-fancier, I was particularly interested in tlie article in last week's Journal, entitled " Poultry and Pigeon Lore," and beg a place for the admission of the following : — The Rev. A. C. Stnitb, in his ornithology of Wilts, published in " The Wilts Archaeological and Natural History Magazine " of May, 1868, states : " There are instances of the lower stage of church towers, immediately below the bells, having been originally bnilt for a columbarium, of which we have one example at Collingbourn, in this county, and probably there may be others of which I am not aware. Another instance occurs at the tower adjoining the ruined chapel of Charter House, Hinton, near Bath, the lower part of which was originally intended for the priest's residence, and the birds dwelt above him. In both these cases the east, north, and west sides are fitted np with Pigeon holes, and a small square opening in the south wall admitted the birds." Perhaps some of my brother clerical readers may know of other instances ; if so, I should be very glad to be informed of them. — WiLisHiEE Kecior. MORTALITY AMONG CANARIES. Tour, correspondents "One in a Fix," and " A Subsckibek " are not alone in their troubles. The bills of mortality in the Canary would only too frequently tell of this species of murrain. There must be a cause for it, finding its origin in the violation of some law, but which nevertheless may still be beyond our knowledge, and consequently beyond our control. It is by no means nnusual to hear of an entire stock being almost annihi- lated. When I first began to breed Canaries I put up eight pairs, and at the close of the season I had just three bird?. Every old one was dead, and all the young stock except these three, and from no cause which I could in the least degree trace. All died from apparently the same cause, exhibiting the same symptoms, and dropping off slowly, bnt surely, one by one. The next season, under precisely similar treatment, with the .same diet, and in the same room I have reared a great number, nor have I had any recurrence of such a visitation. Should there be, I shall be as powerless under it as " Subscriber " or " One in a Fix." The farther we depart from Nature, and the more we try to reclaim and tame (I was going to say civilise), and domesticate birds, the more difficult becomes the task ; for the more liable we become to exact so mething from them which violates some important condition of their existence, or at least ot their health, and we know what inevitablj" follows. I can see nothing to find fault with either in the diet described or the general mode of treatment. It is in the main the same as I follow myself, and I do not attribute the loss of a " ScBScniBEK's" young ones to any defect in these paiticnlars, but to something radically wrong with the hens — they are the nurses and feeders, and the general management of the yonng brood devolves uponthfm. True, the cock bird feeds the young and, as a rule, feeds them well, and goes thr^nigh a few other motions in his own peculiar, affectionate, clum>y, left-handed way, standing over the young ones with bis legs wide-stretched, evidently quite under the impression be i.s keeping them warm and doing something very clever ; but it is the hen who determines when they shall be fed, or whether tbey shall be fed at all ; she nurses them, aud attends to their little wants, and tucks them np in their warm bed after each meal, while the old cock looks on very patronisingly, as if the whole affair was under his direction ; then off he hops to the egg box, and back to his hen, and cfi to the egg box again, hop , step, and a 18 JOUBNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. [ July 1, 1809. jamp, like a feeding machine, and the young ones have hardly had time to compose themselves lor forty winks after their last meal before the cramming process is repeated. So long as this machinery works well, all goes on well, but if from any canso the hen become sick or out of condition, visible or otherwise, at once the young ones begin to decline ; a retrograde move- ment becins, which most certainly ends in the loss of the whole nest. When a nest of fine, plump, healthy, lusty young birds, such a nest as I cannot describe, but which every breeder full well UHderstaudH, once begins to lose that appearance {and a practical eye can at once detect it), it is a saving of time, a service to the old birds, and a happy release to the young ones, to nip their necks, unless they can be at once transferred to another more healthy nurse. To the uninitiated this may eem cruel treatment, but in the long run it is tho most merciful. The first forty-eight hours of a young bird's life are very impor- tant ones, if well fed then you may hope for size and health ; Ibut if only nursed in a step-mother sort of way, it never seems to recover the neglect, and at best grows up a dwarf. *' Never •row till you are out of the wood." The man who first said that, must have been in the " fancy." It means, Do not count your young birds till they are sitting on the edge of the neet; then do so with fear and trembling, but hold them with a light hand till they are on hard seed. Notice carefully every day if any in the flight cages look puffy, or sit thick. I have called attention to this once before, but some may have overlooked it, and it may be of value just now to know that the best treatment in such cases which arise from a disordered state of the bowels, and digestive apparatus generally, is to administer a good dose of castor oil. I put my stick well down into the bottle to ensure its holding sufiacient, and allow the bird to swallow not less than three good drops. Its action is quick and effectual. Tut the invalid on ground canary seed, mixed with maw seed, and in place of an emaciated sufferer you will in a few days find him as plump as ever. " Subscriber " should continue with the Diamond Finch as he has been doing. Nature will, however, do most to assist the bird in getting rid of the swellings.— W. A. Blakston. NEEDLESS DESTRUCTION OF BEES. The first week in June we had a small swarm which we lost for that day, but found in another part of the garden the next morning, 1 hived them and they appear to be doing well. On the 8th we had another small swarm, so I thought I would unite them to the other of the week before, which I did the same evening. All appeared to go on well till Friday the 19th ult., when I saw outside the hive a number of dead bees. On the 20th I raised the hive to examine them, when I found more than half the bees dead on the floor, and those alive all very weak. They had made a considerable quantity of comb which was much discoloured, and in several parts full of either a small white maggot or in others of a dark brown grub. The whole had an unpleasant smell ; now, fearing this was the foul brood I have read of, I thought it best to destroy them all. so I poured over them some boiling water and destroyed the hive. Did I do right? — Thomas Comber, [You did right in uniting the two small swarms, but wrong in destroying them, as they were simply dying of starvation arising from the late unseasonable weather, and might have been saved by a little timely assistance in the shape of food. The maggots and grubs were the brood of the bees, and were doubtless in a perfectly healthy condition.] HONEY CON SUIVIED— DRONES. We have a hive of bees twelve months old. We know that they have swarmed once, and we think they have swarmed twice. A few days ago the outside comb next the glass window was full of honey and sealed over ; it is now all gone, and the hive appears to be three-parts full of drones. Is there any means to destroy a portion of them ? They appear to be so strong in numbers that they will consume all the honey. — W. Strettle. [When bees swarm they always fill themselves with honey, and this has, doubtless, had more to do with the rapid con- sumption of honey than the presence of drones, although the latter are unquestionably good feeders. The workers will soon expel them when their office is accomplished and the young queen begins egg-lajing, and you had better leave it to them. J OUR LETTER BOX. Food for Fowls {A. B. C.).— We have muny timon tried to explain, ani do BO af^ain, thnt wo cannot Dnino any quantity of food hb eafflcient for a nnmbcr of p able tho Duck has had her liberty, and has dragRcd them thr ■mgh the grass when covered with dew or white frost. They should not be out till the sun is up and the grass dry. White Mcsk DncKS— White SrANisn Geese (R. P.).— Tho White Wusk Duck is scarce, but seldom wanted. White Spanish Geese are only ornameutal. Weight of Aylesbury Ducks (,r. S.).— With few and rare exceptions, r, lbs. form the present limit of weight for Aylesbury Ducks. There have been rare exceptions where they have, when prepared for exhibition* weighed 10 lbs. If wo are to understand you mean that when killed they are to be fit for food, then we say 9 lbs. are an unattainable welcht. This is tho result of especial feeding with a view to produce weight ; or of extreme fat, the consequence of old ago. In either case, the bird is unfit for food. A few years since 9 lbs. were the average weight of Geese, they are so no longer. We commonly have them 15 lbs. or IC lbs. We have weighed this morning six unusually fat and fine young Duoks, as fine and larce as we ever obtained, two weighed 6^ lbs. each, two 5 lbs. each, and two 4j lbs each. It is difficult to obtain them so heavy while they are youu nd tender. Four pounds would be a large average. Tumbler Pigeons {A Yoxinr} Tumbler FaiiffiVri.— Almost every dealer has " Feather-footed Tumbler Pigeons," now colled by them BirminRham Rollers. Choice kinds could be easily obtained by ndvertisinfl in oor columns, by which plan (fnr easier than by cr. psiuRj, you conld obtain the " Chequered Blue Tumblers, and Barred Bl-iea." which you require. It is certniuly best not to keep common birds with flying Tumb'ers, they bring them down in flight, and injure their tumbling by so doing. Do not cross the common birds with Tumblers Oid-ejitablished breeds, such as Tumblers, have been raised by care and pains-, and it is not well to spoil them, but it is best to preserve them carefully from an adnuxture ol common blood. Pheasants Suffering from Cravp (S. BX — Nothing ia b» Rood as grn^s to pen hens and Pheasant ponltn upon, hut it ebould be cut short in the spots wh' re they are pnt. When many Fbeasantfl are roared, a field should he chosen slightly on the descent, and covered with long grass, but not thick at bottom. This should bo cut in squares like a cbesR-l>oard, the mown p^rts being for the hens in rips, and 'he covered parts for shelter fttr the poults. They also find much food in it. It aflTords them a shelter from mid-day heat, which is often fatal to them. Stale bread soaked in strong ale is the best cure for cramp. Rabbits (.Wpfiirjc).— The doe, whose yoting ones have been destroyed, may be placed along with tbe buck now. Goo?;ebfrrt anh Grape Tabt. — A lady writes to us that "Green Gooeeberriee mixed with the thinnings of the green Grape, sweetened with pounded white sugar, make an excellent and agreeably flavoured tart.'* Brittany Cows.—" In reply to ' A RrESCRiBEB,' these cows are said to be kept for less than any other variety, and in proportion to their size, g ve richer and more milk. I have not had mine long enough to give a decided opinion, but some of my friends speak bigbly of them. Your correspondent c«n purchase them from an importer Mr. Part-ons. Vew Tree Cottage, Soulhgate Road, Wiucbeater, where I purchased mine. — J. W." Jnly 8, 1869. ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GAEDENEE. 19 WEEKLY CALENDAR. ''or Uonth Day of Week. JULY 8-16, 1869. Average Tempera- ture near London. Rain in last 42 years. Sun Rises. Sun Sets. Moon Moon Rises. ' Sets. Moon's Age. Clock before Sun. Day of Year. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Th F S Son M Td W Homcastle Horticnltnral Show. Birmingham Rose Show opens. Birmingham Rose Show closes. 7 SONDAY AFTER TRINITY. Loughborough Horticultural Show. Day. 73.8 73.9 74.6 76,2 76.8 75.9 74,2 Night. 50.0 49.5 60.2 60.5 50.4 51.4 50.4 Mean. 61.9 61.7 62.4 62.8 63.1 63.6 62.3 Days. 21 18 16 10 13 15 15 m. h. 65af3 66 3 57 3 58 3 59 3 4 1 4 m. h. loafs 14 8 14 8 18 8 12 8 11 8 10 8 m. h. 1 m. h. 67af 2 1 llaf 7 60 3 7 8 66 4 ' 64 8 8 « 1 33 9 27 7 : 8 10 4G H 3ti 10 5 10 , 2 11 • 1 2 3 4 5 m. B. 4 45 4 64 5 3 5 11 5 19 5 26 5 33 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 From observations taken near London durinti the last forty-two temperature 60.3". The greatest heat was SSI", on tho 14th, 1847 ; 1.10 inch. years, the average day temperatnre of the week is 74 8^ ; and its night ind the lowest cold 83', on the 9th, 1863. The greatest fall of rain was DINNER- TABLE DECORATIONS. ^MONGST the many subjects which present themselves to the gardener in the fulfilment of his duties, the arrangement of the dessert and the decoration of the dinner-table, so far as they are in connection with his depart- ment, occupy an important position. During the last few years this subject has increased in importance, owing to diners a hi Riis.ir having become so fashionable. Generally where tliis fashion prevails pot plants predominate as ornaments for the dinner-table. These, if properly grown, answer very well, but I do not think them so suitable as cut flowers skilfully arranged : but if these are scarce, or their arrangement is not thorouglily understood, then it would be better to employ plants. The characteristics of plants for tliis purpose should be elegance and lightness, such as we find in ornamental-foliaged plants, as Dracajna terminalis or Dactylis glomerata variegata ; and, among flowering plants, in Fuchsias or small-leaved Begonias. A heavy dwarf plant rarely looks well on the dinner- table — i allude to such plants as the large-foliaged Bego- nias, Gymnostachyum Pearoei, or Fittouia argyroneura ; these plants and many others like them, although un- doubtedly presenting a novel and beautiful appearance, yet are, I think, much better adapted for the decoration of the conservatory or vestibule. Of course there are exceptions to this rule as to all others. For instance, a Gloxinia amongst stove plants, and a large-flowered or Fancy Pelargonium amongst greenhouse plants, though dwarf, are yet rendered so bright and cheerful by their abundant blossoms that they may well form exceptions ; and, again, if during the winter months one or two plants of that lovely stove climber Thunbergia Harrisii be in- troduced, they are quite certain to be admired. To have neat little half-specimens of this plant in bloom in or 8-inch pots during winter, cuttings should he taken early in May, and grown throughout the summer and autumn in rich sandy loam containing a slight admixture of char- coal. Whether plants are constantly required for the dinner- table or only for a definite period, as much variety should be secured as possible, and a considerable space of time should intervene between the first and second appearance on the table of the same plants ; then, agam, fine-foliaged plants should alternate with plants in bloom. I have Icnown great annoyance given by a constant succession being kept up, night after night, of ornamental-foliaged plants, such as Begonias, _ Caladiums, Dracaenas, and Crotons ; always a fresh variety, but foliage, ever foliage. Now this was certainly a mistake, unless there had been an expressed wish ; for, however rich and varied may be the colour, and however singular the variegation of the foliage, yet leaves must ever give place to those lovely tints and that delicate freshness which are the peculiar properties of blossom. Crotons and all other fine-foliaged plants possessing yel- low leaf-markings should be rarely introduced, as they No. ISi.-Voi,, XVn., New Series. never " light up " well, however beautiful they may be when seen by daylight ; the yellow variegation, which is their chief beauty, loses so much of its richness by lamplight as to cause the entire plant to appear very insipid. Pink, on the contrary, acquires a deeper hue and richer charm from artificial light. I know no plant so charming, when seen in thi.s way, as a deep pink Primula sinensis ; its cheerful blossoms coming to us during the dullest season of the year ever receive our warmest welcome, but it is at night that they appear to partake of the greater sociabOity of humanity which is inspired bj- the exclusion of the exter- nal cold, by the drawn curtains, and the glo%ving fire ; then they ofter themselves to our gaze with a warmth and rich- ness of colour which render them most attractive. Plants, then, it must be granted, possess many advan- tages over cut flowers for dinner-table decoration, yet for the centre of the table nothing, in my opinion, can equal in appearance an epergne dressed with choice cut flov/ers and foliage, \\dth the occasional addition of a few carefully selected examples of fruit. I have also seen small epergnes containing nothing more than Black and White Grapes, skilfully intermixed with Vine leaves and tendrils, wliich had a very good effect. Vases of cut flowers for this pur- pose are always appreciated, if they are suitable in design and size. In setting up the fruit, if flowers are used, the simplest and most effective method is to arrange the latter in the form of a wreath. These wreaths should be just visible over the edges of the dishes, and rest lightly and grace- fully against the lowest tier of fruit. A good wreath for a dish of dark-coloured fruit is formed of shoots of Ceras- tium tomentosum with single flowers of Campanula, used in just sufficient quantity to relieve the sameness of the grey ; fresh young shoots of variegated Pelargonium Dandy, intermixed ■syith cither pink or blue blossom, are a'ss good : and small leaves or shoots of Pelargonium Italia Unita form a lovel.y wreath. For fruit of a lighter colour, shoots of Begonia fuclisioides interspersed with its unopened heart-shaped blossoms form a good wreath. Then, agam, small fronds of Maiden-Iiair Fern, with the deep cruuson flowers or seed-vessels of Chenopodium atri- plicis are very beautiful. Although I have thus enumerated a few suitable wreaths, yet the plants ofl'ering materials for this purpose are so numerous as to render it useless to endeavour to form any ' regular list. Each season of the year, in fact, offers ma- terials for wreaths peculiar to itself; for instance, early in spring, how chaste and elegant is a wreath of the fresh young shoots of the common Laurel regularly inter- spersed with its pure wliite blossoms ! or a wreath of the foliage and blossom of any of the Myosotis family, or the tips of the young shoots of the Spruce Fir, dotted \\'itli the pink blossoms of the Larch. All such materials are of the simplest description, hence their suitability for the purpose. One other point must be remembered, which is, that no flowers possessing the slightest offensive odour should be used, for no matter however well adapted they may othermse be, yet should they impart the slightest \m- No.10S4.-VoL. XLII., Old Sembs. 20 JOUENAL OF HOBTICULTUEE AND COTTAGE GABDENER. I July 8, 1859. pleasaotness to the flavonr of tlie fruit tbey will only tend to mar the enjoyment of those for whoso pleasure they were provided. — Edwabd Lcckhuust, Egerton Home Gardens, Kent. JUSTICIA SPKCIOSA CULTURE. When well-grown, this is a fine showy plant for decorative purposes. By pinching at regular intervals, it assumes a sturdy and compact habit of growth, and when placed in the most favourable position during growth, and in suitable soil, its foliage becomes largo, and of a rather dark green, which sets off to advantage the numerous purplish flowers. Being a native of the East Indies, the plant requires heat to grow it to perfection ; but in this respect it is very accommo- dating, for it will thrive in a much milder temperature than many cultivators give it — indeed, the strong heat in which it is generally kept is, in my opinion, one of the errors which are committed in its culture, for when so treated the plant is slender-stemmed, long-jointed, and produces few flowers, which last only a short time ; indeed, under such treatment it is any- thing but the beautiful and continuous-flowering plant it is when grown under the system which I shall describe. The principal time for the plant's flowering is stated in the '• Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary " to be the month of August ; but I am in the habit of growing it for conservatory decoration, and of having it in bloom in the winter months. For this purpose I insert the cuttings iq sandy soil in heat during the first week in May ; when struck, I select the best and pot them off in large fiO-sized pots, using at this early stage a soil of moderate richness, such as turfy loam (not light), and leaf mould, with a little sand. After a few days take the top out of every shoot, and when they break again they will require a farther shift into (Jinch pots. From the time the cuttings are put in, up to this stage, they should have a regular heat of 60°, plenty of moisture at the roots and in the atmosphere, and plenty of light ; shading, however, from very bright sun. After the young plants have become established they may with advantage be transferred to more airy quarters, where they will have plenty of light as before ; but instead of using fire heat, unless the weather is unseasonable, they will do much better if the house or pit be shut up early to secure sun heat. Syringe copiously, stop the shoots as required — every one, large or small. This insures more perfect blooming. Shift the plants this time into pots of the next larger size, using stronger and richer soil ; and as the Justicia is a vigorous- rooting plant, it must have plenty of moisture, consequently plenty of drainage. Shift the plants again when necessary into 9-inch pots, stop them once afterwards ; then they may be allowed to grow at will, complete thtir growth, and form their flower buds. While these are becoming developed, gradually give more air, which will so far harden the plants as to enable them to flower in perfection in the more intermediate tempe- rature of the conservatory. Under the above treatment the plants will generally be about 2J feet high, and IS inches in diameter ; but it taller plants are wanted they may be grown in stronger heat and pinched less frequently ; stUI, as before stated, such treatment shortens the period of flowering, and deteriorates the value of the flowers for cutting purposes. After the flowering is over I make it a rule to reduce my stock to two or three plants, whicli are kept in a rather dry state in the greenhouse through the winter, until wanted to sujiply cuttings in the spring, when they are cut back and plftced in heat. Many cultivators keep their whole stock through the winter, shake the plants out in the spring, cut them back, start them into growth, and shift into larger pots a.s necessary ; but as the Justicias are vigorous-growing, where room is at aU valuable, the treatment I first described is pre- ferable. — Thomas Eecoed. CHRYSOBACTRON HOOKERI. Tms ffljember of the Asphodeleacffi was introduced into this country in 1818. It was discovered by Mr. Bidwell in rich marshy districts about Wairu, Middle Island, New Zealand. " It grows," said Mr. Colenso, who also discovered it, " in great clumps in boggy places, and is said to cover the plain with a sheet of yellow when in bloom. Some of the masses are 3 feet in diameter." It is figured in the " Botanical Magazine," t. •t